Purpose of Review <p>Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic condition that contributes to substantial health risks and mortality. Despite the various treatment modalities employed, most patients relapse into hazardous drinking within six months of treatment. This situation warrants the continuous exploration and search for new treatment avenues in managing AUD. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has been studied, involving the stimulation or inhibition of specific brain areas in different ways, and it is regarded as a potential treatment modality. These innovative techniques are being investigated for their ability to influence brain activity in ways that may aid in managing addiction and improving cognitive control over alcohol consumption. This systematic review examines the evolving evidence of the use of NIBS in the management of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD).</p> Recent Findings <p>Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Direct Current stimulation (tDCS), shows evidence of curbing alcohol craving. High-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-TMS), preferably on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) area, decreases alcohol cravings. Similarly, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the DLPFC is also indicative of reducing alcohol cravings. The newer NIBS modalities like Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS), transcranial ultrasound stimulation, and transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (TAVNS) have also been investigated, which opens an avenue for treatment in AUD.</p> Summary <p>NIBS techniques represent investigatory and therapeutic modalities that impart neuromodulation effects to desired brain areas using a non-invasive device. Such modalities have evolved, arousing interest and research in this area. Some of these modalities, such as TMS, tDCS, and tACS, have provided promising results in managing AUD. In contrast, relatively newer NIBS modalities, such as Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS), Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation, and transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (TAVNS), are in the experimental stage. NIBS is looked at as a potential pathway for improving disrupted brain circuits in addiction. To summarise, we can state that studies particularly investigating the effect of NIBS in the management of AUD revealed that high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-TMS) over DLPFC helps curb alcohol cravings. The relatively weaker evidence is also indicative of the usefulness of tDCS over DLPFC for alcohol cravings. Nevertheless, the research for other NIBS is in the infantile stage. More consistency in current methodologies is needed to make definitive conclusions.</p>

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Role of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review

  • Ajay Kumar,
  • Sucharita Mishra,
  • Yesh Chandra Singh,
  • Shreya Eashwar,
  • Namish Kumar,
  • Rashmi Shukla

摘要

Purpose of Review

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic condition that contributes to substantial health risks and mortality. Despite the various treatment modalities employed, most patients relapse into hazardous drinking within six months of treatment. This situation warrants the continuous exploration and search for new treatment avenues in managing AUD. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has been studied, involving the stimulation or inhibition of specific brain areas in different ways, and it is regarded as a potential treatment modality. These innovative techniques are being investigated for their ability to influence brain activity in ways that may aid in managing addiction and improving cognitive control over alcohol consumption. This systematic review examines the evolving evidence of the use of NIBS in the management of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD).

Recent Findings

Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Direct Current stimulation (tDCS), shows evidence of curbing alcohol craving. High-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-TMS), preferably on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) area, decreases alcohol cravings. Similarly, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the DLPFC is also indicative of reducing alcohol cravings. The newer NIBS modalities like Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS), transcranial ultrasound stimulation, and transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (TAVNS) have also been investigated, which opens an avenue for treatment in AUD.

Summary

NIBS techniques represent investigatory and therapeutic modalities that impart neuromodulation effects to desired brain areas using a non-invasive device. Such modalities have evolved, arousing interest and research in this area. Some of these modalities, such as TMS, tDCS, and tACS, have provided promising results in managing AUD. In contrast, relatively newer NIBS modalities, such as Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS), Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation, and transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (TAVNS), are in the experimental stage. NIBS is looked at as a potential pathway for improving disrupted brain circuits in addiction. To summarise, we can state that studies particularly investigating the effect of NIBS in the management of AUD revealed that high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-TMS) over DLPFC helps curb alcohol cravings. The relatively weaker evidence is also indicative of the usefulness of tDCS over DLPFC for alcohol cravings. Nevertheless, the research for other NIBS is in the infantile stage. More consistency in current methodologies is needed to make definitive conclusions.