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<p>An extremum seeking control (ESC) scheme based on gradient-estimator switching is proposed in this paper to enhance both the dynamic response and steady-state performance. A novel amplitude adaptation law based on sliding-window dynamic gradient information forecasts output trends and gradually reduces excitation amplitude to zero after bypassing local extrema and attaining the global maximum, thus eliminating steady-state oscillations. To improve convergence accuracy, a Lyapunov-based switching strategy activates an observer-based gradient estimator when the system output enters a region proximal to the global maximum, enabling rapid, oscillation-free convergence. The stability of the proposed ESC scheme is rigorously proven via theoretical analysis. A simulation example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ESC scheme, and its practical applicability is validated using an anti-lock braking system (ABS).</p>

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Steady-state oscillation-free extremum seeking control: a hybrid of switched gradient estimators and adaptive-amplitude excitation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月9日

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  • Daoshuai Jiao,
  • Jinggao Sun,
  • Huaicheng Yan,
  • Jiadong Lin

摘要

An extremum seeking control (ESC) scheme based on gradient-estimator switching is proposed in this paper to enhance both the dynamic response and steady-state performance. A novel amplitude adaptation law based on sliding-window dynamic gradient information forecasts output trends and gradually reduces excitation amplitude to zero after bypassing local extrema and attaining the global maximum, thus eliminating steady-state oscillations. To improve convergence accuracy, a Lyapunov-based switching strategy activates an observer-based gradient estimator when the system output enters a region proximal to the global maximum, enabling rapid, oscillation-free convergence. The stability of the proposed ESC scheme is rigorously proven via theoretical analysis. A simulation example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ESC scheme, and its practical applicability is validated using an anti-lock braking system (ABS).