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<p>This paper studies the stability of Caputo fractional linear time-varying systems through an integral equation framework. Using the Volterra representation of solutions, we derive sufficient conditions for uniform Mittag–Leffler stability based on fractional integral inequalities and comparison principles. The approach avoids the use of non-valid Leibniz rules and yields explicit solution bounds in terms of Mittag–Leffler functions. Analytical examples illustrate the theoretical results.</p>

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Stability of scalar Caputo fractional time-varying systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月8日

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  • Toufik Ennouari

摘要

This paper studies the stability of Caputo fractional linear time-varying systems through an integral equation framework. Using the Volterra representation of solutions, we derive sufficient conditions for uniform Mittag–Leffler stability based on fractional integral inequalities and comparison principles. The approach avoids the use of non-valid Leibniz rules and yields explicit solution bounds in terms of Mittag–Leffler functions. Analytical examples illustrate the theoretical results.