A systematic review on state of modeling, clinical issues, and advanced control approaches for artificial ventilator: traditional control to soft computing-based control approach

An artificial ventilator is crucial in medical emergencies, providing severely ill patients with sufficient oxygen to reduce their breathing effort. For critical patients, clinicians must set various parameters on the ventilator to ensure safe and comfortable ventilation. Accurate tracking of the patient’s breathing profile by the ventilator is essential for synchronization, reducing the patient’s workload and effort. Designing an effective ventilator controller requires proper system modeling and a clear understanding of its purpose. This paper offers a brief review of modeling, physiological and clinical issues, and state-of-the-art advanced control practices, guiding future control design for ventilators. It also presents detailed ventilator modeling and parameters from the literature, along with a comprehensive review of traditional and soft-computing-based control approaches.