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<p>Pollution is a critical public health concern that significantly reduces human lifespan and increases respiratory diseases, making efficient pulmonary drug delivery essential. Nasal inhalers facilitate medication transport through the complex nasal cavity at varying flow rates. Optimizing drug delivery requires understanding airflow dynamics and particle deposition within the human respiratory tract (HRT). Although numerous in vivo and in vitro studies address aerosol deposition, limited research has investigated swirl-induced airflow effects in the nasal cavity. This study employs a high-resolution CT-scan-based polyhedral mesh model of the adult Nose–Mouth–Throat (NMT) system extending to the sixth generation of bronchial branches to numerically examine swirl-driven airflow on drug particle deposition in distal lung regions. Simulations are conducted at flow rates of 5, 20, 45, and 60&#xa0;LPM with swirl numbers of 0, 0.25, 0.4, and 0.85 for particle sizes ranging from 5 to 20&#xa0;μm. Results demonstrate that co-rotating anti-clockwise (ACW) swirl enhances drug deposition in distal lung regions, with a swirl number of 0.4 optimizing deposition efficiency (24.7%) for 10&#xa0;μm particles while maintaining minimal respiratory resistance. At a flow rate of 20&#xa0;LPM with a 0.4 swirl number, 93.4% of the drug particles are deposited in distal lung regions. These findings highlight the potential of swirl-driven inhaler modifications to improve pulmonary drug delivery effectiveness and motivate further experimental and numerical investigations.</p>

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Assessment of inlet swirl effects on aerosolized drug delivery through nasopharyngeal airway

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月13日

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  • Anurag Tiwari,
  • Akshoy Ranjan Paul,
  • Anuj Jain

摘要

Pollution is a critical public health concern that significantly reduces human lifespan and increases respiratory diseases, making efficient pulmonary drug delivery essential. Nasal inhalers facilitate medication transport through the complex nasal cavity at varying flow rates. Optimizing drug delivery requires understanding airflow dynamics and particle deposition within the human respiratory tract (HRT). Although numerous in vivo and in vitro studies address aerosol deposition, limited research has investigated swirl-induced airflow effects in the nasal cavity. This study employs a high-resolution CT-scan-based polyhedral mesh model of the adult Nose–Mouth–Throat (NMT) system extending to the sixth generation of bronchial branches to numerically examine swirl-driven airflow on drug particle deposition in distal lung regions. Simulations are conducted at flow rates of 5, 20, 45, and 60 LPM with swirl numbers of 0, 0.25, 0.4, and 0.85 for particle sizes ranging from 5 to 20 μm. Results demonstrate that co-rotating anti-clockwise (ACW) swirl enhances drug deposition in distal lung regions, with a swirl number of 0.4 optimizing deposition efficiency (24.7%) for 10 μm particles while maintaining minimal respiratory resistance. At a flow rate of 20 LPM with a 0.4 swirl number, 93.4% of the drug particles are deposited in distal lung regions. These findings highlight the potential of swirl-driven inhaler modifications to improve pulmonary drug delivery effectiveness and motivate further experimental and numerical investigations.