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<p>Today, with the increase and development of electrical equipment, thermal management is of particular importance in order to extend the life of electrical appliances. Excess heat in these devices can cause severe damage to the performance of the device. The use of heat sinks can be a promising solution for thermal management and cooling of these devices. In the present work, five geometric structures for multi-branch channels for heat sinks with constant heat flux are proposed and hydrothermal analysis and entropy generation in the laminar flow range are performed for them using the COMSOL Multiphysics software. The results show that configuration 4 has improved the performance by 34.34%, 35.39%, 35.47% and 34.45% compared to the simple configuration at Re from 200 to 400. To increase the efficiency of the best-performing configuration (configuration 4), the use of blades with different arrangements and Ag–Cu–CuO ternary hybrid nanofluid at volume fractions of 0.02 to 0.08 has been investigated. And the required analyses have been carried out at Reynolds numbers of 200 to 600. At Re 600, the efficiency of configuration D using ternary hybrid nanofluid at volume fractions of 0.02 to 0.08 has been improved by 1.31% and 5.07% compared to pure water.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Improving efficiency of heat sink with branched channels employing ternary nanofluids under laminar flow: entropy generation analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • As’ad Alizadeh,
  • Ramadan Youssef Sakr,
  • Ali B. M. Ali,
  • Mohamed Shaban,
  • Abdellatif M. Sadeq,
  • Murtadha M. Al-Zahiwat,
  • Husam Rajab,
  • Khalil Hajlaoui

摘要

Today, with the increase and development of electrical equipment, thermal management is of particular importance in order to extend the life of electrical appliances. Excess heat in these devices can cause severe damage to the performance of the device. The use of heat sinks can be a promising solution for thermal management and cooling of these devices. In the present work, five geometric structures for multi-branch channels for heat sinks with constant heat flux are proposed and hydrothermal analysis and entropy generation in the laminar flow range are performed for them using the COMSOL Multiphysics software. The results show that configuration 4 has improved the performance by 34.34%, 35.39%, 35.47% and 34.45% compared to the simple configuration at Re from 200 to 400. To increase the efficiency of the best-performing configuration (configuration 4), the use of blades with different arrangements and Ag–Cu–CuO ternary hybrid nanofluid at volume fractions of 0.02 to 0.08 has been investigated. And the required analyses have been carried out at Reynolds numbers of 200 to 600. At Re 600, the efficiency of configuration D using ternary hybrid nanofluid at volume fractions of 0.02 to 0.08 has been improved by 1.31% and 5.07% compared to pure water.

Graphical abstract