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<p>This paper investigates the internal and intermediate ballistic phases during the firing of artillery equipped with muzzle brakes via numerical simulation, focusing on the secondary combustion phenomenon and its impact on ballistics and flow fields. The firing event was simulated using a dynamic mesh updating method coupled with a 12-step H<sub>2</sub>–CO–O<sub>2</sub> chemical reaction mechanism. Results indicate that secondary combustion increases muzzle velocity by 0.7% and raises post-muzzle chamber pressure by 20 MPa. This phenomenon generates localized high-temperature zones in the flow field, with temperatures exceeding non-combustion regions by over 300 K. It also accelerates shock wave propagation, enlarges the Mach disk diameter. When the CO:H<sub>2</sub> concentration ratio increases from 24:9 to 30:3, the projectile initial velocity decreases, while the muzzle exit time extends by 15%. Gas pressure and temperature significantly influence initial velocity: increasing pressure from 0.8p to 1.1p raises initial velocity from 0.86<i>v</i>₀ to 1.08<i>v</i>₀; increasing gas temperature from 1600 to 2000 K elevates initial velocity from 0.96<i>v</i>₀ to 1.04<i>v</i>₀. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing artillery ballistics and structural design.</p>

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Effects of secondary combustion on ballistic performance and muzzle flow field during artillery launch

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Xiaolei Hu,
  • Wei Li,
  • Shihong Zhang,
  • Xiaohe Zhou,
  • Deyong Cai

摘要

This paper investigates the internal and intermediate ballistic phases during the firing of artillery equipped with muzzle brakes via numerical simulation, focusing on the secondary combustion phenomenon and its impact on ballistics and flow fields. The firing event was simulated using a dynamic mesh updating method coupled with a 12-step H2–CO–O2 chemical reaction mechanism. Results indicate that secondary combustion increases muzzle velocity by 0.7% and raises post-muzzle chamber pressure by 20 MPa. This phenomenon generates localized high-temperature zones in the flow field, with temperatures exceeding non-combustion regions by over 300 K. It also accelerates shock wave propagation, enlarges the Mach disk diameter. When the CO:H2 concentration ratio increases from 24:9 to 30:3, the projectile initial velocity decreases, while the muzzle exit time extends by 15%. Gas pressure and temperature significantly influence initial velocity: increasing pressure from 0.8p to 1.1p raises initial velocity from 0.86v₀ to 1.08v₀; increasing gas temperature from 1600 to 2000 K elevates initial velocity from 0.96v₀ to 1.04v₀. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing artillery ballistics and structural design.