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<p>Liquid pistons limit the rise of air temperature by enhancing heat transfer, thereby reducing compression work and improving efficiency. However, in the traditional operating mode, high-speed compression readily triggers gas–liquid interface fluctuations that increase air dissolution and induce pressure pulsations, which in turn limit achievable compression power. The novel inverted operating mode has been shown to deliver higher power but introduces sliding friction losses, so its overall performance remains uncertain. Accordingly, this study employs computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with a Volume of Fluid (VOF) multiphase model and a dynamic mesh to simulate gas–liquid flow and heat transfer in both operating modes, and introduces a resistance work model to quantify energy losses. The influence of piston speed on compression performance was also investigated. At a piston speed of 0.666&#xa0;m/s and a pressure ratio of 4.38, the compression work for both operating modes was essentially the same (193.1&#xa0;J and 193.8&#xa0;J, respectively), whereas the resistance work of the novel operating mode (6.91&#xa0;J) was much higher than that of the traditional operating mode (0.10&#xa0;J). As piston speed increases, compression work rises at a similar rate, whereas the growth trend of resistance work differs markedly; when the speed reaches 7.77&#xa0;m/s, the total efficiency of both operating modes drops below 70%, and the near-isothermal effect is lost.</p>

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CFD-based comparison of liquid-piston compression performance between two operating modes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月8日

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  • Teng Ren,
  • Bo Wu,
  • Fu-Cheng Chen,
  • Xiang Zhou,
  • Chang-Zheng Chen,
  • Hui-Fang Liu

摘要

Liquid pistons limit the rise of air temperature by enhancing heat transfer, thereby reducing compression work and improving efficiency. However, in the traditional operating mode, high-speed compression readily triggers gas–liquid interface fluctuations that increase air dissolution and induce pressure pulsations, which in turn limit achievable compression power. The novel inverted operating mode has been shown to deliver higher power but introduces sliding friction losses, so its overall performance remains uncertain. Accordingly, this study employs computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with a Volume of Fluid (VOF) multiphase model and a dynamic mesh to simulate gas–liquid flow and heat transfer in both operating modes, and introduces a resistance work model to quantify energy losses. The influence of piston speed on compression performance was also investigated. At a piston speed of 0.666 m/s and a pressure ratio of 4.38, the compression work for both operating modes was essentially the same (193.1 J and 193.8 J, respectively), whereas the resistance work of the novel operating mode (6.91 J) was much higher than that of the traditional operating mode (0.10 J). As piston speed increases, compression work rises at a similar rate, whereas the growth trend of resistance work differs markedly; when the speed reaches 7.77 m/s, the total efficiency of both operating modes drops below 70%, and the near-isothermal effect is lost.