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<p>This study introduces a novel co-simulation methodology that integrates multibody transversal dynamics with longitudinal train dynamics (LTD) to quantitatively evaluate energy dissipation in heavy-haul railway wagons—addressing a significant gap in component-level energy assessment. Applied to a 40-km Brazilian meter-gauge track under varying Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) irregularity classes, the approach reveals that track quality critically governs energy consumption. Compared to ideal track conditions, FRA Class 3 irregularities increase total energy dissipation by 55.5%, while improving track quality from Class 3 to Class 5 yields a 24% reduction in energy use. Component-level analysis shows that wheel-rail contact accounts for 32% of total dissipation under FRA Class 3, decreasing as track quality improves. Similarly, suspension elements contribute 15% under Class 3 and 11% under Class 4. In contrast, center plates and side bearings account for less than 1% of energy loss across all scenarios. Mechanical braking was identified as the primary dissipation mechanism, accounting for 41% (FRA 3), 48% (FRA 4), 63% (FRA 5), and 74% (no irregularities) of the total energy, with its share increasing alongside track quality. These findings provide new insights into wagon energy flows and establish a foundation for optimizing wagon design and track maintenance strategies to enhance railway energy efficiency.</p>

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Impact of track quality and braking strategies on energy consumption in heavy-haul trains

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月25日

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  • Philipe Augusto de Paula Pacheco,
  • Matheus Valente Lopes,
  • Auteliano Antunes dos Santos

摘要

This study introduces a novel co-simulation methodology that integrates multibody transversal dynamics with longitudinal train dynamics (LTD) to quantitatively evaluate energy dissipation in heavy-haul railway wagons—addressing a significant gap in component-level energy assessment. Applied to a 40-km Brazilian meter-gauge track under varying Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) irregularity classes, the approach reveals that track quality critically governs energy consumption. Compared to ideal track conditions, FRA Class 3 irregularities increase total energy dissipation by 55.5%, while improving track quality from Class 3 to Class 5 yields a 24% reduction in energy use. Component-level analysis shows that wheel-rail contact accounts for 32% of total dissipation under FRA Class 3, decreasing as track quality improves. Similarly, suspension elements contribute 15% under Class 3 and 11% under Class 4. In contrast, center plates and side bearings account for less than 1% of energy loss across all scenarios. Mechanical braking was identified as the primary dissipation mechanism, accounting for 41% (FRA 3), 48% (FRA 4), 63% (FRA 5), and 74% (no irregularities) of the total energy, with its share increasing alongside track quality. These findings provide new insights into wagon energy flows and establish a foundation for optimizing wagon design and track maintenance strategies to enhance railway energy efficiency.