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<p>Multi-material additive manufacturing (MMAM) enables the fabrication of structures with synergistic properties. However, the interfacial adhesion between dissimilar polymers remains a critical weakness that compromises structural integrity. To address this, the effect of layer thickness (LT) on the bending and interlayer adhesion performance of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), polylactic acid (PLA), and PLA/PETG multi-material (MM) specimens produced by Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) was investigated in this study. The bending characteristics of specimens were determined using three-point bending (3P-B) tests. Compact tension (CT) and short beam shear (SBS) tests were conducted to determine interlayer adhesion performance. Test specimens were fabricated using LTs of 0.1&#xa0;mm, 0.2&#xa0;mm, and 0.3&#xa0;mm via a dual-nozzle printer. CT tests revealed that the adhesion strength of PETG with increased LT decreased by around 50%. However, for the PLA and MM specimens, this decrease is limited to approximately 29%. SBS tests showed that there is an obvious correlation between the shear strength and LT. For the 0.1&#xa0;mm LT, PETG and PLA specimens exhibited the highest and lowest shear strength, respectively. The MM specimens performed moderately in terms of shear strength. In the case of 3P-B tests, in contrast to the results of the SBS tests, the PLA exhibited the highest performance, followed by the MM, while the PETG had the lowest. For the 0.1&#xa0;mm LT, the MM specimens exhibited the highest AE and SAE values, as well as the second highest short beam and bending strengths. It can therefore be deduced that, in scenarios where stress concentrations are subject to change, MM is a safer option than PLA and PETG for the 0.1&#xa0;mm LT.</p>

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Influence of layer thickness on bending and interlayer adhesion of mono-material and multi-material PLA and PETG structures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月13日

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  • Özkan Öz,
  • Fatih Huzeyfe Öztürk

摘要

Multi-material additive manufacturing (MMAM) enables the fabrication of structures with synergistic properties. However, the interfacial adhesion between dissimilar polymers remains a critical weakness that compromises structural integrity. To address this, the effect of layer thickness (LT) on the bending and interlayer adhesion performance of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), polylactic acid (PLA), and PLA/PETG multi-material (MM) specimens produced by Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) was investigated in this study. The bending characteristics of specimens were determined using three-point bending (3P-B) tests. Compact tension (CT) and short beam shear (SBS) tests were conducted to determine interlayer adhesion performance. Test specimens were fabricated using LTs of 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, and 0.3 mm via a dual-nozzle printer. CT tests revealed that the adhesion strength of PETG with increased LT decreased by around 50%. However, for the PLA and MM specimens, this decrease is limited to approximately 29%. SBS tests showed that there is an obvious correlation between the shear strength and LT. For the 0.1 mm LT, PETG and PLA specimens exhibited the highest and lowest shear strength, respectively. The MM specimens performed moderately in terms of shear strength. In the case of 3P-B tests, in contrast to the results of the SBS tests, the PLA exhibited the highest performance, followed by the MM, while the PETG had the lowest. For the 0.1 mm LT, the MM specimens exhibited the highest AE and SAE values, as well as the second highest short beam and bending strengths. It can therefore be deduced that, in scenarios where stress concentrations are subject to change, MM is a safer option than PLA and PETG for the 0.1 mm LT.