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<p>Super austenitic stainless steel 254 SMO is increasingly important due to its high corrosion resistance. However, this material exhibits high mechanical strength, low thermal conductivity, and a tendency to work hardening, which makes its machining difficult. Aiming to improve the machinability of 254 SMO in eco-friendly conditions, the present study investigates the performance of aminolyzed castor oil-based MQL in its end milling compared with commercial synthetic nanofluid-based MQL and dry cutting. The Box-Behnken experimental design was employed to evaluate the effects of controllable input variables (cutting speed, axial depth of cut, and feed per tooth) on the response variables (machining forces and surface roughness) in these lubri-cooling conditions. The results indicated that the cutting parameters significantly affected the response variables, while the lubri-cooling conditions had a secondary influence. Dry milling provided the best surface finishes in several runs, achieving roughness grades N4–N5 in 93% of the cases (close to 100% under nanofluid-based MQL) and reductions of up to 50% in <i>R</i><sub><i>a</i></sub> with optimized parameters. However, tool life was reduced under dry cutting, as flank wear was evident at the end of the tests. Increasing axial depth of cut and feed per tooth raised machining forces by up to 148% and 205%, respectively, under dry and nanofluid-based MQL conditions. In contrast, aminolyzed castor oil-based MQL showed the lowest increases in specific combinations, with <i>F</i><sub><i>a</i></sub> and <i>F</i><sub><i>p</i></sub> growths limited to 9.4% and 41.5% Finally, the castor oil-based MQL performed similarly to the nanofluid-based MQL, standing out as a biodegradable and sustainable alternative.</p>

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Comparative assessment of castor oil-based MQL and nanofluid-based MQL in finishing end milling of super austenitic stainless steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • Émerson S. Passari,
  • André J. Souza,
  • Carlos A. G. Aita,
  • Guilherme V. Schirmer,
  • Liu Y. Barros

摘要

Super austenitic stainless steel 254 SMO is increasingly important due to its high corrosion resistance. However, this material exhibits high mechanical strength, low thermal conductivity, and a tendency to work hardening, which makes its machining difficult. Aiming to improve the machinability of 254 SMO in eco-friendly conditions, the present study investigates the performance of aminolyzed castor oil-based MQL in its end milling compared with commercial synthetic nanofluid-based MQL and dry cutting. The Box-Behnken experimental design was employed to evaluate the effects of controllable input variables (cutting speed, axial depth of cut, and feed per tooth) on the response variables (machining forces and surface roughness) in these lubri-cooling conditions. The results indicated that the cutting parameters significantly affected the response variables, while the lubri-cooling conditions had a secondary influence. Dry milling provided the best surface finishes in several runs, achieving roughness grades N4–N5 in 93% of the cases (close to 100% under nanofluid-based MQL) and reductions of up to 50% in Ra with optimized parameters. However, tool life was reduced under dry cutting, as flank wear was evident at the end of the tests. Increasing axial depth of cut and feed per tooth raised machining forces by up to 148% and 205%, respectively, under dry and nanofluid-based MQL conditions. In contrast, aminolyzed castor oil-based MQL showed the lowest increases in specific combinations, with Fa and Fp growths limited to 9.4% and 41.5% Finally, the castor oil-based MQL performed similarly to the nanofluid-based MQL, standing out as a biodegradable and sustainable alternative.