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<p>Secondary collisions such as side impacts may occur during a vehicle’s emergency obstacle avoidance process. A side impact injury analysis model is constructed using a simplified vehicle model and the Chinese human model. Specifically, the model simulates under two variables: impact directions (90°, 60°) and collision intensities (34&#xa0;km/h, 16&#xa0;km/h), focusing on analyzing changes in far-side occupants’ thoracoabdominal injury indices with and without automatic emergency steering (AES). The results demonstrate that the AES affects occupant excursion, inertia, and injury risks, with its effects strongly correlated to collision severity. For occupant kinematics: AES-induced inertia dominates at low speeds, cutting occupant excursion by up to 82.98&#xa0;mm (oblique-side collisions); at high speeds, inadequate AES restraint increases excursion by a maximum of 22.84&#xa0;mm (side collisions). For occupant injuries: The AES increases thoracic rib injury risk. This is evidenced by elevated AIS grades, such as the rise from AIS 1 to AIS 2 in oblique-side collisions at low speeds, and worsened key injury metrics, including one additional rib fracture in side collisions at high speeds. Additionally, the AES has minimal impact on abdominal organ injury. However, it elevates spinal injury risk in oblique-side collisions, increasing maximum intervertebral disc stress by 4.71&#xa0;MPa at low speed. This study innovates by investigating far-side occupants’ thoracoabdominal injuries in AES-coupled side impacts via Chinese human body models, filling active-passive safety coupling gaps for this scenario and providing references for related AES-involved research.</p>

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A study of Far-side occupant thoracic and abdominal injuries involving automatic emergency steering

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • Jiapeng Li,
  • Sen Xiao,
  • Yu Liu,
  • Tiqiang Fan,
  • Xikai Zhang

摘要

Secondary collisions such as side impacts may occur during a vehicle’s emergency obstacle avoidance process. A side impact injury analysis model is constructed using a simplified vehicle model and the Chinese human model. Specifically, the model simulates under two variables: impact directions (90°, 60°) and collision intensities (34 km/h, 16 km/h), focusing on analyzing changes in far-side occupants’ thoracoabdominal injury indices with and without automatic emergency steering (AES). The results demonstrate that the AES affects occupant excursion, inertia, and injury risks, with its effects strongly correlated to collision severity. For occupant kinematics: AES-induced inertia dominates at low speeds, cutting occupant excursion by up to 82.98 mm (oblique-side collisions); at high speeds, inadequate AES restraint increases excursion by a maximum of 22.84 mm (side collisions). For occupant injuries: The AES increases thoracic rib injury risk. This is evidenced by elevated AIS grades, such as the rise from AIS 1 to AIS 2 in oblique-side collisions at low speeds, and worsened key injury metrics, including one additional rib fracture in side collisions at high speeds. Additionally, the AES has minimal impact on abdominal organ injury. However, it elevates spinal injury risk in oblique-side collisions, increasing maximum intervertebral disc stress by 4.71 MPa at low speed. This study innovates by investigating far-side occupants’ thoracoabdominal injuries in AES-coupled side impacts via Chinese human body models, filling active-passive safety coupling gaps for this scenario and providing references for related AES-involved research.