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<p>This work examines the flow behavior of Carreau hybrid blood-based nanofluid in the presence of microorganisms through cylindrical surfaces. The flow of gold and copper nanoparticles with blood as a base fluid is investigated. The effects of heat generation and radiation of convective heat transfer conditions under the magnetic field are employed to study the flow. The formulated governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by adopting suitable similarity transformations. The non-dimensional governing equations are solved numerically in MATLAB utilizing the built-in boundary value problem solver bvp4c. The results reveal that magnetic field strength suppresses velocity due to the Lorentz force, while radiation and internal heat generation enhance thermal performance. In terms of wall shear stress, the skin-friction coefficient decreases by 16.62% for Au–blood nanofluid and by a higher 24.41% for Au–Cu/blood hybrid nanofluid, relative to the baseline case without magnetic influence. Similarly, the heat transfer rate is reduced by 18.11% for Au–blood nanofluid and 17.75% for Au–Cu/blood hybrid nanofluid compared with the non-heated condition. Overall, the findings demonstrate that hybrid Carreau nanofluid exhibits superior sensitivity to magnetic and thermal effects, making it a more effective candidate for biomedical and thermal management applications compared to conventional single-particle nanofluids.</p>

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Hemodynamic analysis of biomagnetic carreau hybrid nanofluid flow with non-uniform heat generation in cylindrical geometry

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • S. Venkata Krishna Sarma,
  • Kotha Gangadhar,
  • D. Naga Bhargavi,
  • Thangavelu Kannan

摘要

This work examines the flow behavior of Carreau hybrid blood-based nanofluid in the presence of microorganisms through cylindrical surfaces. The flow of gold and copper nanoparticles with blood as a base fluid is investigated. The effects of heat generation and radiation of convective heat transfer conditions under the magnetic field are employed to study the flow. The formulated governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by adopting suitable similarity transformations. The non-dimensional governing equations are solved numerically in MATLAB utilizing the built-in boundary value problem solver bvp4c. The results reveal that magnetic field strength suppresses velocity due to the Lorentz force, while radiation and internal heat generation enhance thermal performance. In terms of wall shear stress, the skin-friction coefficient decreases by 16.62% for Au–blood nanofluid and by a higher 24.41% for Au–Cu/blood hybrid nanofluid, relative to the baseline case without magnetic influence. Similarly, the heat transfer rate is reduced by 18.11% for Au–blood nanofluid and 17.75% for Au–Cu/blood hybrid nanofluid compared with the non-heated condition. Overall, the findings demonstrate that hybrid Carreau nanofluid exhibits superior sensitivity to magnetic and thermal effects, making it a more effective candidate for biomedical and thermal management applications compared to conventional single-particle nanofluids.