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<p>In view of the operational challenges that Francis turbine runner blades are prone to localized damage under the action of sediment abrasion and cavitation, and their enclosed operating environment makes damage difficult to observe, with traditional shutdown inspections being lagging, this study adopts the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and computational acoustics (CA) coupling method to systematically analyze the effects of damages at the leading edge, mid-chord, and trailing edge adjacent to the lower ring of runner blades on internal flow and noise. The results show that all damages significantly exacerbate abnormal turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and vorticity: the leading edge/mid-chord strengthen local vortex cores, and the trailing edge adjacent to the lower ring expands the draft tube vortex band; in the noise spectrum, the sound pressure level (SPL) at the blade-passing frequency (BPF) and its harmonics is significantly increased, and damage positions produce differentiated spectral characteristics by changing the flow field disturbance patterns. This study analyzes the relationship between blade damage locations and acoustic characteristics by identifying the connection between specific spectral features and flow disturbances induced by damage, thereby offering practical references for non-intrusive blade condition monitoring and positional diagnosis.</p>

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Analysis of the effects of runner blade damage on internal flow characteristics and noise generation in Francis turbine

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月11日

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  • Yuankai Xu,
  • Fengrong Yu,
  • Rongrui Zha,
  • Junxian Chai,
  • Biao An,
  • Ting Jin

摘要

In view of the operational challenges that Francis turbine runner blades are prone to localized damage under the action of sediment abrasion and cavitation, and their enclosed operating environment makes damage difficult to observe, with traditional shutdown inspections being lagging, this study adopts the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and computational acoustics (CA) coupling method to systematically analyze the effects of damages at the leading edge, mid-chord, and trailing edge adjacent to the lower ring of runner blades on internal flow and noise. The results show that all damages significantly exacerbate abnormal turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and vorticity: the leading edge/mid-chord strengthen local vortex cores, and the trailing edge adjacent to the lower ring expands the draft tube vortex band; in the noise spectrum, the sound pressure level (SPL) at the blade-passing frequency (BPF) and its harmonics is significantly increased, and damage positions produce differentiated spectral characteristics by changing the flow field disturbance patterns. This study analyzes the relationship between blade damage locations and acoustic characteristics by identifying the connection between specific spectral features and flow disturbances induced by damage, thereby offering practical references for non-intrusive blade condition monitoring and positional diagnosis.