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<p>This study examines how a small additions of graphene modify the mechanical response of polylactic acid filaments produced by fused‑filament fabrication. A Taguchi L32 experimental design was adopted to explore the combined influence of graphene content, infill density, layer height, extrusion speed and raster angle on yield strength, fracture strength, elastic modulus and strain at both yield and rupture. Results demonstrated that graphene incorporation significantly improved mechanical properties, with yield strength increasing by up to 9.88% (29.7&#xa0;MPa) and Young’s modulus improving by 10.31% (0.88 GPa). However, graphene addition led to reduced ductility, as indicated by lower deformation at break compared to pure PLA. Analysis of variance revealed that graphene content, infill density and raster angle together account for more than 75% of the observed variance in yield strength. Optimal parameter combinations, such as 30% infill density, 0.2&#xa0;mm layer height, 250&#xa0;mm/s printing speed and 0° print angle, produced the best mechanical performance. These improvements were accompanied by a modest reduction in ductility, confirming the classical trade‑off between stiffness and toughness. The results demonstrate that graphene reinforcement, when paired with properly tuned processing parameters, provides a straightforward route to stronger and stiffer composites suitable for lightweight structural components and other engineering applications that demand enhanced mechanical performance from additively manufactured polymers.</p>

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Mechanical performance optimization of pla-graphene composites using the Taguchi method

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • Émerson S. Passari,
  • Carlos H. Lauermann,
  • Tiago J. Bortoli,
  • Bruno Nonemacher,
  • Luiz F. S. da Silva,
  • Cristiano Kulman

摘要

This study examines how a small additions of graphene modify the mechanical response of polylactic acid filaments produced by fused‑filament fabrication. A Taguchi L32 experimental design was adopted to explore the combined influence of graphene content, infill density, layer height, extrusion speed and raster angle on yield strength, fracture strength, elastic modulus and strain at both yield and rupture. Results demonstrated that graphene incorporation significantly improved mechanical properties, with yield strength increasing by up to 9.88% (29.7 MPa) and Young’s modulus improving by 10.31% (0.88 GPa). However, graphene addition led to reduced ductility, as indicated by lower deformation at break compared to pure PLA. Analysis of variance revealed that graphene content, infill density and raster angle together account for more than 75% of the observed variance in yield strength. Optimal parameter combinations, such as 30% infill density, 0.2 mm layer height, 250 mm/s printing speed and 0° print angle, produced the best mechanical performance. These improvements were accompanied by a modest reduction in ductility, confirming the classical trade‑off between stiffness and toughness. The results demonstrate that graphene reinforcement, when paired with properly tuned processing parameters, provides a straightforward route to stronger and stiffer composites suitable for lightweight structural components and other engineering applications that demand enhanced mechanical performance from additively manufactured polymers.