<p>Composite laminates exhibit extensive application in aerospace, automotive, and structural sectors owing to enhanced strength-to-weight ratio and mechanical properties. Delamination under multi-mode loading constitutes a critical challenge which limits durability and reliability of composite laminates. The previous research emphasizes individual fracture modes with limited addresses initial crack length and position influences on failure mechanisms. This work investigates the delamination in bi-material laminates incorporating variable crack lengths within a variational phase-field framework for bi-material. Model derivation minimizes the total energy functional to obtain governing equations for displacement and phase-field variables, with solutions achieved via Newton–Raphson iteration for numerical stability and convergence. Derived element stiffness matrices improve precision in crack evolution simulations. Numerical outcomes demonstrate mode-specific fracture behaviors: Mode-I attains a peak load of 3259.5 N at 0.0116 mm displacement, accompanied by 5% initial crack extension; Mode-II reaches 1877.8 N at 0.01545 mm displacement; mixed-mode attains 4009.3 N at 0.01052 mm displacement with 10% extension. Mixed-mode conditions elevate load-bearing capacity while displacement aligns closely with Mode-I characteristics. Load–displacement profiles exhibit gradual post-peak degradation in Mode-I, abrupt collapse in Mode-II, and transitional response in mixed-mode, underscoring tensile–shear interactions. Contributions encompass quantitative elucidation of mode interplay in heterogeneous composites, an optimization framework for phase-field parameters in mixed-mode scenarios, and design principles for damage-resistant laminates in structural contexts.</p>

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Delamination behavior of composite laminates with varying crack lengths under multi-mode loading

  • Om Prakash Prabhakar,
  • Somnath Bhattacharya,
  • Raj Kumar Sahu,
  • Himanshu Pathak,
  • Abhishek Ghiya

摘要

Composite laminates exhibit extensive application in aerospace, automotive, and structural sectors owing to enhanced strength-to-weight ratio and mechanical properties. Delamination under multi-mode loading constitutes a critical challenge which limits durability and reliability of composite laminates. The previous research emphasizes individual fracture modes with limited addresses initial crack length and position influences on failure mechanisms. This work investigates the delamination in bi-material laminates incorporating variable crack lengths within a variational phase-field framework for bi-material. Model derivation minimizes the total energy functional to obtain governing equations for displacement and phase-field variables, with solutions achieved via Newton–Raphson iteration for numerical stability and convergence. Derived element stiffness matrices improve precision in crack evolution simulations. Numerical outcomes demonstrate mode-specific fracture behaviors: Mode-I attains a peak load of 3259.5 N at 0.0116 mm displacement, accompanied by 5% initial crack extension; Mode-II reaches 1877.8 N at 0.01545 mm displacement; mixed-mode attains 4009.3 N at 0.01052 mm displacement with 10% extension. Mixed-mode conditions elevate load-bearing capacity while displacement aligns closely with Mode-I characteristics. Load–displacement profiles exhibit gradual post-peak degradation in Mode-I, abrupt collapse in Mode-II, and transitional response in mixed-mode, underscoring tensile–shear interactions. Contributions encompass quantitative elucidation of mode interplay in heterogeneous composites, an optimization framework for phase-field parameters in mixed-mode scenarios, and design principles for damage-resistant laminates in structural contexts.