<p>Biogas plays a crucial role in the global agroindustry, providing a sustainable energy source from agricultural residues. Its efficient production, purification, and use promote environmental sustainability and enhance the energy autonomy of the agricultural sector in countries like Brazil. In this context, this study aims to conduct a literature review of key publications on biogas production, upgrading, and utilization. To select the reviewed works, searches were carried out in scientific databases such as Web of Science and Scopus, using a variety of relevant keywords related to the main topics. The most recent articles, published within the last ten years, were prioritized. Within the entire biogas production chain, this review highlights the potential of anaerobic digestion in transforming a wide range of residues into biogas, ensuring compliance with environmental legislation and presenting an attractive prospect in the biotechnology sector. Concerning biogas upgrading and use, mature and well-tested technologies, such as amine scrubbing for upgrading and internal combustion engines for decentralized energy generation, are preferred, particularly in Brazil and other agricultural-based countries. Therefore, it can be concluded that biogas helps address environmental issues linked to fossil fuels, reduces production costs, adds value to agricultural residues, and strengthens the competitiveness and sustainability of rural economies, being a strategic and viable energy solution for Brazil and other agriculture-based developing countries.</p>