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<p>The pre-inflation airbag is designed to protect children in the frontal collision of school buses. Existing research on the optimization of this airbag using the multi-rigid-body dummy model and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA-III) has certain limitations. Specifically, this dummy only provides mechanical damage responses of occupants, and the convergence performance of NSGA-III requires improvement. To address these issues, this work is to propose an optimized pre-inflation airbag design based on the THUMS dummy and an improved version of NSGA-III. The THUMS dummy can output both the mechanical and biomechanical damage responses, offering a more comprehensive evaluation of occupant safety. First, the head weighted biomechanical injury criterion (<i>WBICH</i>) for 10-year-old child occupants is determined using the analytic hierarchy process. Second, a coupling model integrating the restraint system with a 10-year-old child THUMS dummy and the pre-inflation airbag is established. Third, an improved NSGA-III that incorporates heuristic algorithm, adaptive genetic operators, adaptive penalty distance, and adaptive niche strategy is proposed. The performance of this algorithm is compared with other four algorithms based on the Deb–Thiele–Laumanns–Zitzler test suite. This algorithm achieves superior performance on most test problems and demonstrates clear advantage in computational efficiency. Finally, the mass-flow rate scaling factor (<i>x</i><sub>1</sub>), opening pressure (<i>x</i><sub>2</sub>), and opening degree (<i>x</i><sub>3</sub>) for four different sitting positions occupied by 10-year-old child occupants are optimized. Results indicate that when the variable combination is 0.8949–1.2386 × 10<sup>5</sup>&#xa0;Pa–2.6&#xa0;cm (<i>x</i><sub>1</sub>–<i>x</i><sub>2</sub>–<i>x</i><sub>3</sub>), the head injury criterion, intracranial pressure, skull equivalent stress, and <i>WBICH</i> of children decease significantly.</p>

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Optimization of pre-inflation airbag design for mitigating head biomechanical injury of 10-year-old children in frontal collision

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月3日

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  • Liang Hong,
  • Peng Liu,
  • Gang Liu,
  • Ruhai Ge

摘要

The pre-inflation airbag is designed to protect children in the frontal collision of school buses. Existing research on the optimization of this airbag using the multi-rigid-body dummy model and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA-III) has certain limitations. Specifically, this dummy only provides mechanical damage responses of occupants, and the convergence performance of NSGA-III requires improvement. To address these issues, this work is to propose an optimized pre-inflation airbag design based on the THUMS dummy and an improved version of NSGA-III. The THUMS dummy can output both the mechanical and biomechanical damage responses, offering a more comprehensive evaluation of occupant safety. First, the head weighted biomechanical injury criterion (WBICH) for 10-year-old child occupants is determined using the analytic hierarchy process. Second, a coupling model integrating the restraint system with a 10-year-old child THUMS dummy and the pre-inflation airbag is established. Third, an improved NSGA-III that incorporates heuristic algorithm, adaptive genetic operators, adaptive penalty distance, and adaptive niche strategy is proposed. The performance of this algorithm is compared with other four algorithms based on the Deb–Thiele–Laumanns–Zitzler test suite. This algorithm achieves superior performance on most test problems and demonstrates clear advantage in computational efficiency. Finally, the mass-flow rate scaling factor (x1), opening pressure (x2), and opening degree (x3) for four different sitting positions occupied by 10-year-old child occupants are optimized. Results indicate that when the variable combination is 0.8949–1.2386 × 105 Pa–2.6 cm (x1–x2–x3), the head injury criterion, intracranial pressure, skull equivalent stress, and WBICH of children decease significantly.