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<p>A series of unstable situations will occur when utilizing the Francis turbine for power generation operating under different flow conditions, causing unit vibration, power generation efficiency decrease, and grid connection failure. To solve these problems, this study proposes a pressure pulsation suppression method based on the optimization of the runner structure, combining the numerical simulation of computational fluid dynamics and the entropy production theory for the pressure pulsation problem of Francis turbine operating under a wide range of operating conditions. The study takes the Francis turbine of a power station as an object, optimizes the runner design by introducing a baffle structure, and carries out numerical simulation under five typical working conditions (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40430_2025_5742_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="87" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0.3{{Q}_{d}}\sim {{Q}_{d}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0.3</mn> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mi>d</mi> </msub> <mo>∼</mo> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mi>d</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>). The results show that the optimized runner significantly reduces the amplitude of pressure pulsation in the draft tube, the maximum reduction in pressure pulsation at the monitoring point reaches 42% under the small flow condition, and the entropy production in the mainstream area is reduced by 35% under the large flow condition. The entropy production analysis shows that the entropy production distribution on the rotor blade wall is more uniform after optimization, and the energy loss in the elbow section of the draft tube is reduced by 28% . This study provides a theoretical basis and engineering optimization scheme for the stable operation of the Francis turbine under wide operating conditions, which is an important reference value for improving the energy efficiency and equipment reliability of hydropower plants.</p>

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Francis turbine pressure pulsation non-constant analysis and optimization measures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月2日

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  • Yanan Cai,
  • Zhenwei Mu,
  • Xinwei Gui,
  • Xinyue Wang

摘要

A series of unstable situations will occur when utilizing the Francis turbine for power generation operating under different flow conditions, causing unit vibration, power generation efficiency decrease, and grid connection failure. To solve these problems, this study proposes a pressure pulsation suppression method based on the optimization of the runner structure, combining the numerical simulation of computational fluid dynamics and the entropy production theory for the pressure pulsation problem of Francis turbine operating under a wide range of operating conditions. The study takes the Francis turbine of a power station as an object, optimizes the runner design by introducing a baffle structure, and carries out numerical simulation under five typical working conditions ( \(0.3{{Q}_{d}}\sim {{Q}_{d}}\) 0.3 Q d ∼ Q d ). The results show that the optimized runner significantly reduces the amplitude of pressure pulsation in the draft tube, the maximum reduction in pressure pulsation at the monitoring point reaches 42% under the small flow condition, and the entropy production in the mainstream area is reduced by 35% under the large flow condition. The entropy production analysis shows that the entropy production distribution on the rotor blade wall is more uniform after optimization, and the energy loss in the elbow section of the draft tube is reduced by 28% . This study provides a theoretical basis and engineering optimization scheme for the stable operation of the Francis turbine under wide operating conditions, which is an important reference value for improving the energy efficiency and equipment reliability of hydropower plants.