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<p>To simulate the loosening process of bolts in industrial facilities and mechanical equipment under temperature changes, this paper presents a rapid thread modeling approach and establishes a three-dimensional finite element model for M10 × 1.5 bolt connection. The results of the finite element analysis indicate that the length adjustment method underestimates the torque induced by friction, whereas the torque method yields more accurate simulations of bolt preload. There is a severe stress concentration at the root of the first three thread pitches of the tight bolt. Bolts subjected to temperature effects experience greater preload loss during the first temperature cycle. The results of the parametric analysis show that the increase of initial preload helps maintain the residual preload but comes with the risk of thread fracture. The temperature amplitude is the most important factor affecting bolt loosening, and a temperature change exceeding 200 °C can cause a 11.7% loosening within a short period. Therefore, to maintain the bolt preload, the temperature on the bolted joint needs to be controlled in a safe range. In practical engineering material selection, the thermal expansion coefficient of the connected parts should be slightly larger than that of the bolt, which helps maintain the preload.</p>

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Study on bolt loosening behavior under temperature variations based on thread modeling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月27日

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  • Liangming Sun,
  • Shuguang Liu,
  • Hanbing Zhao,
  • Umar Muhammad,
  • Xiao Zhang

摘要

To simulate the loosening process of bolts in industrial facilities and mechanical equipment under temperature changes, this paper presents a rapid thread modeling approach and establishes a three-dimensional finite element model for M10 × 1.5 bolt connection. The results of the finite element analysis indicate that the length adjustment method underestimates the torque induced by friction, whereas the torque method yields more accurate simulations of bolt preload. There is a severe stress concentration at the root of the first three thread pitches of the tight bolt. Bolts subjected to temperature effects experience greater preload loss during the first temperature cycle. The results of the parametric analysis show that the increase of initial preload helps maintain the residual preload but comes with the risk of thread fracture. The temperature amplitude is the most important factor affecting bolt loosening, and a temperature change exceeding 200 °C can cause a 11.7% loosening within a short period. Therefore, to maintain the bolt preload, the temperature on the bolted joint needs to be controlled in a safe range. In practical engineering material selection, the thermal expansion coefficient of the connected parts should be slightly larger than that of the bolt, which helps maintain the preload.