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<p>This study examines the unsteady Darcy–Forchheimer magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow over a permeable stretching sheet embedded in a porous medium. Key aspects explored include the effects of heat generation, chemical reaction, viscous and Darcy dissipation with considerations for multiple slip conditions. The governing equations are converted into a system of first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations by applying similarity variables. These transformed equations are then solved using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method in conjunction with the shooting technique. Validation of the present results against existing studies shows strong agreement. Key findings indicate that velocity slip at the boundary increases fluid motion near the surface, while the Forchheimer parameter reduces the overall flow velocity, higher Fr increases the concentration due to reduced convective effects and enhanced diffusion in the boundary layer, concentration slip reduces the concentration by weakening the boundary layer interaction, regardless of the Fr value. This study provides a framework for optimizing the performance of energy storage systems, ensuring better efficiency, reliability, and scalability in industrial applications.</p>

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Effects of porosity and chemical reaction on Darcy–Forchheimer dissipative MHD flow over a permeable stretching sheet with multiple slips

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月10日

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  • Bharat Keshari Swain

摘要

This study examines the unsteady Darcy–Forchheimer magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow over a permeable stretching sheet embedded in a porous medium. Key aspects explored include the effects of heat generation, chemical reaction, viscous and Darcy dissipation with considerations for multiple slip conditions. The governing equations are converted into a system of first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations by applying similarity variables. These transformed equations are then solved using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method in conjunction with the shooting technique. Validation of the present results against existing studies shows strong agreement. Key findings indicate that velocity slip at the boundary increases fluid motion near the surface, while the Forchheimer parameter reduces the overall flow velocity, higher Fr increases the concentration due to reduced convective effects and enhanced diffusion in the boundary layer, concentration slip reduces the concentration by weakening the boundary layer interaction, regardless of the Fr value. This study provides a framework for optimizing the performance of energy storage systems, ensuring better efficiency, reliability, and scalability in industrial applications.