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<p>An isothermal phase change lubrication model based on the finite element method is proposed to analyze the sealing performance of T-groove mechanical seals in a liquid oxygen (LOX) environment. The Reynolds equation and mass transfer equation are solved using the Newton–Raphson method and the Streamline-Upwind/Petrov–Galerkin finite element method to determine the phase change characteristics and fluid film pressure distribution. The liquid phase volume fraction and film pressure distributions are analyzed at varying temperatures. The results demonstrate that LOX phase change significantly enhances the load-carrying capacity of the fluid film by compensating for the pressure on the low-pressure side of the end face. The load capacity improves by 10–20% compared to the single-phase state. Moreover, the phase change reduces the mass leakage rate in the quasi-gas state to only 30–40% of that in the liquid state. However, the quasi-gas phase, which occurs within a narrow temperature range, should be avoided in practical applications. Phase change in LOX primarily occurs on the inner and downwind regions of the T-groove end face due to the low fluid pressure.</p>

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Study on LOX phase change characteristics of T-grooved mechanical face seals

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月9日

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  • Zhengxuan Hou,
  • Xiangkai Meng,
  • Wenjing Zhao,
  • Mengjiao Wang,
  • Xudong Peng

摘要

An isothermal phase change lubrication model based on the finite element method is proposed to analyze the sealing performance of T-groove mechanical seals in a liquid oxygen (LOX) environment. The Reynolds equation and mass transfer equation are solved using the Newton–Raphson method and the Streamline-Upwind/Petrov–Galerkin finite element method to determine the phase change characteristics and fluid film pressure distribution. The liquid phase volume fraction and film pressure distributions are analyzed at varying temperatures. The results demonstrate that LOX phase change significantly enhances the load-carrying capacity of the fluid film by compensating for the pressure on the low-pressure side of the end face. The load capacity improves by 10–20% compared to the single-phase state. Moreover, the phase change reduces the mass leakage rate in the quasi-gas state to only 30–40% of that in the liquid state. However, the quasi-gas phase, which occurs within a narrow temperature range, should be avoided in practical applications. Phase change in LOX primarily occurs on the inner and downwind regions of the T-groove end face due to the low fluid pressure.