The effect of nanoparticles on cold roll bonded fiber metal laminates under high-velocity impact: experimental and numerical approaches
摘要
Fiber metal laminates (FMLs) are lightweight metallic layers bonded with fiber-reinforced resin materials. FMLs are well-known for their ability to reduce the weight and cost of manufactured parts. The high strength-to-weight ratio of these composite materials has attracted attention from numerous industrial fields. In particular, optimizing FMLs to absorb more energy while reducing the total weight of FMLs and improving their mechanical properties remains an unresolved issue. Therefore, this study aims to address the challenge of manufacturing FMLs that are both lightweight and more robust. Hence, the effects of rolled aluminum plates both with and without nanoparticles are examined based on FMLs under high-velocity impacts. The novelty of the present work is to classify the FMLs into six types: pure aluminum with a thickness of 2 mm on each side of the FML, reinforced with glass or carbon fibers (type A-G or type A-C); next, two aluminum layers with the thickness of 4 mm rolled to 1 mm on each side of the FML, reinforced with glass or carbon fibers (type B-G or type B-C); and also, two aluminum layers with each thickness of 4 mm inserted with nanoparticles, aluminum oxide powder Al2O3, in between. These layers were then rolled to a thickness of 1 mm on each side of the FML. The FML was reinforced with either glass or carbon fibers, known as type C-G or type C-C. Each FML consists of glass or carbon fibers at 0 and 90°. The experimental tests used an air gas gun with a conical projectile at velocities up to 140 m/s. In the simulation section, the VUMAT subroutine was implemented using ABAQUS/Explicit software to calibrate the experimental results and estimate the effect of different face-sheet thicknesses and projectiles with varying weights. The results show that the stiffened specimens with nanoparticles and cold rolled bonded (CRBed) samples have better energy absorption than pure aluminum FMLs. Therefore, the CRBed FMLs reduced weight between 32 and 41% in comparison with non-rolled FMLs. Interestingly, the comparison of specific energy absorption between CRBed FMLs and non-rolled FMLs shows an increase in the following cases: B-G to A-G (5.83%), C-G to A-G (30.5%), B-C to A-C (19.43%), and C-C to A-C (46.11%). The numerical simulation also reveals that the flat projectile requires more initial energy to pass through the target than hemispherical and conical projectiles, because the flat-nosed projectile has the greatest initial contact area with the specimen.