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<p>The gas metal arc welding-pulsed (GMAW-P) process shows potential for advancing metal additive manufacturing, offering benefits such as high deposition rates, cost-effectiveness, and improved control over heat input and the melt pool. Since droplet detachment modes are crucial to the stability and quality of the additive process, this study mapped three key detachment regions—one drop per pulse (ODPP), multiple drops per pulse (ODPP +), and one drop per multiple pulses (ODPP-)—for stainless steel 308L to assist in parameter selection. By analyzing variations in peak time and peak current with high-speed imaging, intervals for each detachment mode were determined based on the relationship Ip<sup>2</sup> × tp = <i>D</i>, where <i>D</i> is the detachment constant. The results revealed distinct conditions for each detachment mode, with the detachment constant serving as a reliable predictor of droplet behavior under consistent conditions of wire type, shielding gas, and contact-tip-to-work distance. These findings contribute valuable references for optimizing parameters in GMAW-based additive manufacturing processes.</p>

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Additive manufacturing based on pulsed GMAW with stainless steel 308L: a method for parameter definition and characterization of metallic transfer modes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月20日

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  • Túlio José Bernardes Ribeiro,
  • Fagner Guilherme Ferreira Coelho,
  • Ariel Rodríguez Arias,
  • Rogério Ferreira Rezende,
  • Eduardo José Lima II

摘要

The gas metal arc welding-pulsed (GMAW-P) process shows potential for advancing metal additive manufacturing, offering benefits such as high deposition rates, cost-effectiveness, and improved control over heat input and the melt pool. Since droplet detachment modes are crucial to the stability and quality of the additive process, this study mapped three key detachment regions—one drop per pulse (ODPP), multiple drops per pulse (ODPP +), and one drop per multiple pulses (ODPP-)—for stainless steel 308L to assist in parameter selection. By analyzing variations in peak time and peak current with high-speed imaging, intervals for each detachment mode were determined based on the relationship Ip2 × tp = D, where D is the detachment constant. The results revealed distinct conditions for each detachment mode, with the detachment constant serving as a reliable predictor of droplet behavior under consistent conditions of wire type, shielding gas, and contact-tip-to-work distance. These findings contribute valuable references for optimizing parameters in GMAW-based additive manufacturing processes.