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<p>The present study uses analytical techniques to examine the flow dynamics and heat transfer behavior of carbon nanotube (CNT) blood-based couple stress nanofluids on a stretching or shrinking surface. It considers the effects of slip conditions, couple stress, and variable viscosity alongside the impact of a magnetic field. In the Darcy–Forchheimer model, the flow through a porous medium is explained. Following appropriate similarity transformations, a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations is derived from the governing partial differential equations that reflect momentum and energy. To solve these equations analytically, the authors employ the homotopy analysis technique (HAM). The investigation looks into how essential parameters like the velocity slip parameter for both velocity and temperature, dynamic viscosity, magnetic field strength Forchheimer number, couple stress parameter, nanoparticles volume friction, stretching parameter, and Eckert number affected the temperature and velocity profiles. The results offer important new understandings of the behavior of CNT nanofluids in engineering settings where slip conditions and dynamic viscosity are crucial, including in cooling and thermal management systems. The results indicate that these parameters substantially impact the flow and heat transfer properties of the nanofluid, offering guidance for the improvement in complex flow scenarios and industrial applications that utilize nanofluids.</p>

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Analytical simulation of Darcy–Forchheimer MHD flow of CNT nanofluids over a stretching/shrinking surface with variable viscosity and slip conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月19日

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  • Ali Rehman,
  • Israr Ali Khan,
  • Khadijah M. Abualnaja,
  • H. Elhosiny Ali,
  • Rashid Jan,
  • Emad E. Mahmoud

摘要

The present study uses analytical techniques to examine the flow dynamics and heat transfer behavior of carbon nanotube (CNT) blood-based couple stress nanofluids on a stretching or shrinking surface. It considers the effects of slip conditions, couple stress, and variable viscosity alongside the impact of a magnetic field. In the Darcy–Forchheimer model, the flow through a porous medium is explained. Following appropriate similarity transformations, a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations is derived from the governing partial differential equations that reflect momentum and energy. To solve these equations analytically, the authors employ the homotopy analysis technique (HAM). The investigation looks into how essential parameters like the velocity slip parameter for both velocity and temperature, dynamic viscosity, magnetic field strength Forchheimer number, couple stress parameter, nanoparticles volume friction, stretching parameter, and Eckert number affected the temperature and velocity profiles. The results offer important new understandings of the behavior of CNT nanofluids in engineering settings where slip conditions and dynamic viscosity are crucial, including in cooling and thermal management systems. The results indicate that these parameters substantially impact the flow and heat transfer properties of the nanofluid, offering guidance for the improvement in complex flow scenarios and industrial applications that utilize nanofluids.