Potential application of graphene-based nanofluid for improving heat transfer characteristics: a review

In response to rising power demands and cooling loads in thermal systems, new technologies have been adopted to enhance heat transfer characteristics. A suspended nanosized particle that has high thermal conductivity in conventional heat transfer fluids is called a nanofluid. Several studies have investigated the effects of graphene-based nanofluids on thermophysical parameters such as thermal conductivity and viscosity. The paper also highlighted potential benefits of nanofluid in terms of energy conservation, reduction of material consumption and sustainability in the preparation of high thermal conductivity fluid. Also, many numerical and experimental studies have been done for heat transfer characteristics using different graphene-based nanofluids. This review examines the preparation, thermophysical properties, and heat transfer characteristics of graphene-based nanofluids, including graphene nanoplatelets, graphene oxide, and graphene composites, across various thermal systems.