Parametric analysis of sloshing in concrete liquid storage tanks: a FE-SPH coupled approach with Box-Behnken design of experiments

This study aims to investigate sloshing in liquid storage tanks using a coupled FE-SPH technique. A novel approach employing the Box-Behnken method for efficient analysis design is introduced, ensuring the consideration of key parameters to obtain accurate results. The Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) formulation is utilized to simulate liquid behavior under large-amplitude sloshing waves, while the finite element method models the structural response. The analysis reveals that fluid height is the primary geometric parameter affecting sloshing, with tank length considered a secondary factor. The frequency characteristics of ground motion significantly influence sloshing, thereby impacting the liquid’s behavior in the container. For future studies, we recommend focusing on the Box-Behnken design parameters: Acceleration Spectrum Intensity (ASI) and liquid tank height. This research provides valuable insights into optimizing the design and analysis of liquid storage tanks, paving the way for enhanced structural safety and performance.