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Purpose of Review <p>Tobacco use remains a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide, and current cessation strategies often yield suboptimal long-term success. Omega-3 fatty acids possess anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties that may modulate craving and dependence mechanisms in nicotine addiction. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published through September 2025 evaluating omega-3 fatty acid supplementation versus placebo in adult tobacco users.</p> Recent Findings <p>Five RCTs (<i>n</i> = 350 randomized participants) met inclusion criteria, and pooled analysis showed that omega-3 supplementation significantly reduced craving (SMD − 0.93, 95% CI − 1.69 to − 0.17, <i>p</i> = 0.02) and nicotine dependence (SMD − 1.14, 95% CI − 2.19 to − 0.09, <i>p</i> = 0.03). No significant reduction in cigarettes per day was observed (SMD − 0.56, 95% CI − 1.45 to 0.34, <i>p</i> = 0.23). Biochemical outcomes showed improved antioxidant capacity and reduced oxidative stress markers. Adverse events were mild and comparable to placebo.</p> Summary <p>Omega-3 supplementation may reduce tobacco craving and dependence and is safe and well tolerated, though its effect on actual smoking behavior remains unclear, highlighting the need for larger, long-term trials.</p>

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Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Tobacco Craving and Dependence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Abdelrahman I. Abdellatif,
  • Anas Hussein Heiba,
  • Sulaiman Erinat,
  • Issa Kawaneh,
  • Namtallah Kawaneh

摘要

Purpose of Review

Tobacco use remains a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide, and current cessation strategies often yield suboptimal long-term success. Omega-3 fatty acids possess anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties that may modulate craving and dependence mechanisms in nicotine addiction. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published through September 2025 evaluating omega-3 fatty acid supplementation versus placebo in adult tobacco users.

Recent Findings

Five RCTs (n = 350 randomized participants) met inclusion criteria, and pooled analysis showed that omega-3 supplementation significantly reduced craving (SMD − 0.93, 95% CI − 1.69 to − 0.17, p = 0.02) and nicotine dependence (SMD − 1.14, 95% CI − 2.19 to − 0.09, p = 0.03). No significant reduction in cigarettes per day was observed (SMD − 0.56, 95% CI − 1.45 to 0.34, p = 0.23). Biochemical outcomes showed improved antioxidant capacity and reduced oxidative stress markers. Adverse events were mild and comparable to placebo.

Summary

Omega-3 supplementation may reduce tobacco craving and dependence and is safe and well tolerated, though its effect on actual smoking behavior remains unclear, highlighting the need for larger, long-term trials.