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<p><i>Gliricidia sepium</i> (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp has potential to improve ecosystem services and support sustainable agriculture. The aim in this study was to explore anatomical variations affected by planting density to enhance biomass yield and nutritive value in intensive production systems. A randomized block design experiment assessed three planting densities (10,000, 20,000, and 30,000 plants ha&#xa0;<sup>−1</sup>), focusing on micromorphometric traits, biomass output, bromatological composition, and the correlations between key variables. Leaf micromorphometric analysis indicated that planting density significantly impacts the abaxial epidermal surface, both upper and lower collenchyma, lacunar parenchyma, and the numbers and density of stomata. Notable variations were found in the medullary radius, cortex, and periderm of stems and the periderm and phloem of roots. Total plant height increased linearly with higher planting densities. Among bromatological traits, hemicellulose content showed a decreasing trend as planting density rose. Strong correlations emerged among various micromorphometric, biometric, production, and bromatological variables, signifying an integrated structural and functional response to planting density. These findings indicate that a density of 30,000 plants ha<sup>−1</sup> provides an ideal balance between anatomical structure development and functionality, thereby enhancing field productivity and cost-effectiveness. The results show the phenotypic plasticity of <i>G. sepium</i>, underscoring its capability to adapt structurally and functionally to achieve high productivity in intensive planting scenarios. This insight aids in the domestication and sustainable cultivation of the species.</p>

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Phenotypic plasticity of Gliricidia sepium in response to planting densities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月2日

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  • Eduardo Bazan Machado,
  • Marcelo Rodrigues,
  • Eduardo João Pereira Junior,
  • Flávio Hiroshi Kaneko,
  • Vanessa Cury Galati,
  • Gervásio Pegoraro,
  • José Carlos Batista Dubeux Jr,
  • Evandro Neves Muniz,
  • Lucas Davi Soares de Oliveira,
  • Flavia de Oliveira Scarpino van Cleef,
  • Eric Haydt Castello Branco van Cleef

摘要

Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp has potential to improve ecosystem services and support sustainable agriculture. The aim in this study was to explore anatomical variations affected by planting density to enhance biomass yield and nutritive value in intensive production systems. A randomized block design experiment assessed three planting densities (10,000, 20,000, and 30,000 plants ha −1), focusing on micromorphometric traits, biomass output, bromatological composition, and the correlations between key variables. Leaf micromorphometric analysis indicated that planting density significantly impacts the abaxial epidermal surface, both upper and lower collenchyma, lacunar parenchyma, and the numbers and density of stomata. Notable variations were found in the medullary radius, cortex, and periderm of stems and the periderm and phloem of roots. Total plant height increased linearly with higher planting densities. Among bromatological traits, hemicellulose content showed a decreasing trend as planting density rose. Strong correlations emerged among various micromorphometric, biometric, production, and bromatological variables, signifying an integrated structural and functional response to planting density. These findings indicate that a density of 30,000 plants ha−1 provides an ideal balance between anatomical structure development and functionality, thereby enhancing field productivity and cost-effectiveness. The results show the phenotypic plasticity of G. sepium, underscoring its capability to adapt structurally and functionally to achieve high productivity in intensive planting scenarios. This insight aids in the domestication and sustainable cultivation of the species.