<p>Plant leaf traits can reflect the strategies and resource utilization ability of plants with different life histories to adapt to environmental changes. Annual plants have higher specific leaf area (SLA) and nitrogen concentration (LNC), and higher resource acquisition ability than perennial plants. However, research on leaf functional traits of plants with different life histories is limited in the heterogeneous habitat of lava platforms. Therefore, we measured 10 leaf traits of 17 dominant herbaceous plants in the lava platform of Jingpo Lake in Northeast China, studied the relationship between leaf traits of plants with different life histories, and the degree to which soil factors affect different leaf traits. The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between leaf thickness (LT) and specific leaf area (SLA) for 17 plant species, a highly significant negative correlation between specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf tissue density (LTD), and a highly significant positive correlation between leaf vein density (VD) and stomatal density (SD). There were differences in resource acquisition and storage strategies between annual and perennial plants, with the leaf tissue density (LTD) of annual plants and the leaf vein density (VD) of perennial plants exhibiting the greatest degree of variation. The STNC, PH, SWC, and STPC have the greatest impact on leaf traits. Cluster analysis of 17 plant species can be divided into four categories. VD and SD were highly sensitive to environmental changes and exhibited significant environmental plasticity. Principal component analysis shows that annual herbaceous plants are closer to the end with thin leaves, high nitrogen content, strong photosynthetic ability but short lifespan in the economic spectrum, while perennial plants are closer to the other end. This study can provide reference for species response strategies of herbaceous plants with different life histories in the lava platform of Jingpo Lake.</p>