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<p>Rangelands possess a unique ecosystem due to their arid conditions and sparse vegetation. Changing climatic conditions can alter species structure and productivity. Examining the impact of environmental factors on vegetation responses and biomass production is crucial for monitoring biodiversity and its conservation. Multiple survey investigations were conducted in selected areas of Cholistan rangeland based on edaphic variability. Sampling took place during both the dry (winter) and wet seasons (monsoon), utilizing the quadrate method (1 × 1&#xa0;m<sup>2</sup>) for random sampling to collect quantitative data. Carrying capacity was measured to assess biomass potential, while ecological attributes of floral composition were examined through visual observation. The study revealed that the sites comprised 38 families, encompassing 107 genera and 163 plant species. Out of these families, four belonged to monocotyledons, 33 to dicotyledons, and one to gymnosperms. Poaceae was the most significant family, containing 38 species, followed by Salvadoraceae, Malvaceae, Portulacaceae, Tamaricaceae, Cyperaceae, Typhaceae, and Tiliaceae, each represented by two species, while eleven species were represented by just one each. Moreover, diversity showed a high correlation, with lesser Cholistan exhibiting more genetic diversity than greater Cholistan. Biomass production in 2021 was lower due to reduced precipitation, with a total average of 780.1&#xa0;kg/ha/y. In contrast, the average biomass production for 2022 increased to 946.7&#xa0;kg/ha/y. The mean carrying capacity measured during the dry and wet seasons for 2022 was 0.063 AU/ha/y and 0.081 AU/ha/y, respectively. The study suggests that environmental factors, including rainfall and temperature and the availability of moisture and nutrient content, consistently influence floristic composition, species development, and productivity. This provides a rich source of information for researchers, ecologists, land managers, and policymakers interested in the dynamics of arid ecosystems, offering insights into the current state of the Cholistan Rangeland and the broader implications for ecological studies and sustainable land management.</p>

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Environmental extremes in cholistan rangeland ecosystem: effects on floral diversity, rangeland productivity, and carrying capacity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月13日

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  • Muhammad Abid,
  • Muhammad Rafay,
  • Muneeb Khalid,
  • Muhammad Umair Riaz

摘要

Rangelands possess a unique ecosystem due to their arid conditions and sparse vegetation. Changing climatic conditions can alter species structure and productivity. Examining the impact of environmental factors on vegetation responses and biomass production is crucial for monitoring biodiversity and its conservation. Multiple survey investigations were conducted in selected areas of Cholistan rangeland based on edaphic variability. Sampling took place during both the dry (winter) and wet seasons (monsoon), utilizing the quadrate method (1 × 1 m2) for random sampling to collect quantitative data. Carrying capacity was measured to assess biomass potential, while ecological attributes of floral composition were examined through visual observation. The study revealed that the sites comprised 38 families, encompassing 107 genera and 163 plant species. Out of these families, four belonged to monocotyledons, 33 to dicotyledons, and one to gymnosperms. Poaceae was the most significant family, containing 38 species, followed by Salvadoraceae, Malvaceae, Portulacaceae, Tamaricaceae, Cyperaceae, Typhaceae, and Tiliaceae, each represented by two species, while eleven species were represented by just one each. Moreover, diversity showed a high correlation, with lesser Cholistan exhibiting more genetic diversity than greater Cholistan. Biomass production in 2021 was lower due to reduced precipitation, with a total average of 780.1 kg/ha/y. In contrast, the average biomass production for 2022 increased to 946.7 kg/ha/y. The mean carrying capacity measured during the dry and wet seasons for 2022 was 0.063 AU/ha/y and 0.081 AU/ha/y, respectively. The study suggests that environmental factors, including rainfall and temperature and the availability of moisture and nutrient content, consistently influence floristic composition, species development, and productivity. This provides a rich source of information for researchers, ecologists, land managers, and policymakers interested in the dynamics of arid ecosystems, offering insights into the current state of the Cholistan Rangeland and the broader implications for ecological studies and sustainable land management.