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<p>Gall morphotypes are structures with constant shapes induced by a species-specific gall inducer on a host plant species. The Amazon is home to one of the most species-rich floodplain forests in the planet: the <i>várzea</i> forests. However, the galls that occur in these environments and the biodiversity associated with them are still not well understood, with only one published inventory to date. As <i>várzea</i> forests are known to be rich in plant species, in this study we carried out the first survey of the diversity of galls and their associated biodiversity in a <i>várzea</i> forest in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon. Sampling was conducted in 14 expeditions on both banks of the Furo das Marinhas River, Pará State, Brazil, between January 2023 and July 2024. Host plant species were identified and herborized. Galls were photographed, removed from the plants, and taken to the laboratory. Gall-inducing insects and the associated fauna were obtained through the rearing and dissection of the galls. We recorded a total of 37 gall morphotypes on 14 host plant species belonging to 12 genera and 7 families. Twelve plant species are newly recorded as gall hosts. <i>Avicennia germinans</i> and <i>Dalbergia monetaria</i> are reported as superhosts, the former with the greatest number of associated gall morphotypes in Brazil until now. Thirty-one morphotypes reported herein are new records. A vast unknown gall diversity and associated fauna from a <i>várzea</i> forest is reported in the present study, reinforcing the importance of conducting inventories in floodplain environments. Likewise, these data may help support conservation plans for host plants on which gall insects are fully dependent.</p>

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Unexplored diversity of galls and new superhost plants from an Amazonian floodplain forest in Brazil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月3日

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  • Paulo Haniel Sousa da Natividade,
  • Melquisedeque Valente Campos,
  • Bruno Garcia Ferreira,
  • Rita de Cassia Oliveira dos Santos

摘要

Gall morphotypes are structures with constant shapes induced by a species-specific gall inducer on a host plant species. The Amazon is home to one of the most species-rich floodplain forests in the planet: the várzea forests. However, the galls that occur in these environments and the biodiversity associated with them are still not well understood, with only one published inventory to date. As várzea forests are known to be rich in plant species, in this study we carried out the first survey of the diversity of galls and their associated biodiversity in a várzea forest in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon. Sampling was conducted in 14 expeditions on both banks of the Furo das Marinhas River, Pará State, Brazil, between January 2023 and July 2024. Host plant species were identified and herborized. Galls were photographed, removed from the plants, and taken to the laboratory. Gall-inducing insects and the associated fauna were obtained through the rearing and dissection of the galls. We recorded a total of 37 gall morphotypes on 14 host plant species belonging to 12 genera and 7 families. Twelve plant species are newly recorded as gall hosts. Avicennia germinans and Dalbergia monetaria are reported as superhosts, the former with the greatest number of associated gall morphotypes in Brazil until now. Thirty-one morphotypes reported herein are new records. A vast unknown gall diversity and associated fauna from a várzea forest is reported in the present study, reinforcing the importance of conducting inventories in floodplain environments. Likewise, these data may help support conservation plans for host plants on which gall insects are fully dependent.