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<p>The sleeping hibiscus <i>Malvaviscus penduliflorus</i> is a widespread cultivar with ornamental tube-shaped red flowers extensively used in gardening and landscaping. The flowers attract nectar-feeding birds, which have a hard time to reach the nectar due to the long and overlapping petals. We recorded five flower-visiting bird species and their behaviour to access nectar of such flowers. Our observations were documented by photographs taken with a digital camera. In south-eastern Brazil we recorded two bird species that pierced the calyx or the corolla base (primary robbing) or used an already pierced flower (secondary robbing) to access the nectar. In south-eastern Australia we found that the calyx had two opposite slits pierced by one bird species (primary robbing), and two bird species used the already pierced parts to take nectar (secondary robbing) or inserted the bill between the overlapping petals (base working). In Brazil, the two bird species display similar behaviours in their access to the nectar of <i>M. penduliflorus</i>, as they act both as primary and secondary robbers, which is already reported. In Australia, only one species acts as primary robber and the other two species display similar behaviour in their access to nectar, as they both act as secondary nectar robbers or base workers, which is a novel information about <i>M. penduliflorus</i> as nectar source for local birds.</p>

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The widespread cultivar Malvaviscus penduliflorus has flower shape that leads to similar behaviours to obtain nectar by birds in two continents

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月16日

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  • Marlies Sazima,
  • Ivan Sazima

摘要

The sleeping hibiscus Malvaviscus penduliflorus is a widespread cultivar with ornamental tube-shaped red flowers extensively used in gardening and landscaping. The flowers attract nectar-feeding birds, which have a hard time to reach the nectar due to the long and overlapping petals. We recorded five flower-visiting bird species and their behaviour to access nectar of such flowers. Our observations were documented by photographs taken with a digital camera. In south-eastern Brazil we recorded two bird species that pierced the calyx or the corolla base (primary robbing) or used an already pierced flower (secondary robbing) to access the nectar. In south-eastern Australia we found that the calyx had two opposite slits pierced by one bird species (primary robbing), and two bird species used the already pierced parts to take nectar (secondary robbing) or inserted the bill between the overlapping petals (base working). In Brazil, the two bird species display similar behaviours in their access to the nectar of M. penduliflorus, as they act both as primary and secondary robbers, which is already reported. In Australia, only one species acts as primary robber and the other two species display similar behaviour in their access to nectar, as they both act as secondary nectar robbers or base workers, which is a novel information about M. penduliflorus as nectar source for local birds.