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Purpose <p>The aim of the current study is to evaluate the possible effects of the sight of the dental needle as part of the “Tell-Show-Do” technique on children’s fear, pain perception and behaviour, during anaesthesia administration.</p> Methods <p>A total of 60 4–8&#xa0;year-old children with no previous experience of local anaesthesia (LA), in need of restorations under LA, were randomly assigned in G1:Hiding-Needle-Technique (HN-T) and G2:Showing-Needle-Technique (SN-T). Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale, Wong–Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPS), Frankl Behaviour Scale and heart rate (HR) were used.</p> Results <p>Objective evaluation of fear, using heart rate, was significantly higher for G1:(HN-T) compared to G2:(SN-T) during demonstration at the first appointment (<i>p</i> value = 0.013) and needle insertion at both appointments (<i>p</i> value = 0.08, <i>p</i> value = 0.04 respectively). No statistically significant relationship was found between the two groups regarding WBFPS questionnaire and Frankl Behaviour Rating Scale.</p> Conclusions <p>The sight of the needle was not found to affect reported fear. Statistical increases in HR were observed in children, independent of age and gender. Changes in HR indicated that not viewing the needle elicited greater fear than seeing it, for children aged 4 to 8&#xa0;years when “Tell-Show-Do” is used. Pain perception and behaviour were not affected.</p>

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The effect of needle demonstration during local anaesthesia on the child’s dental fear, pain perception and behaviour: a randomised controlled trial

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月22日

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  • D. Balli,
  • P. Lambrou,
  • P. Athanasiadou,
  • A. E. Zarkadi,
  • A. Arhakis,
  • V. Boka,
  • K. Arapostathis

摘要

Purpose

The aim of the current study is to evaluate the possible effects of the sight of the dental needle as part of the “Tell-Show-Do” technique on children’s fear, pain perception and behaviour, during anaesthesia administration.

Methods

A total of 60 4–8 year-old children with no previous experience of local anaesthesia (LA), in need of restorations under LA, were randomly assigned in G1:Hiding-Needle-Technique (HN-T) and G2:Showing-Needle-Technique (SN-T). Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale, Wong–Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPS), Frankl Behaviour Scale and heart rate (HR) were used.

Results

Objective evaluation of fear, using heart rate, was significantly higher for G1:(HN-T) compared to G2:(SN-T) during demonstration at the first appointment (p value = 0.013) and needle insertion at both appointments (p value = 0.08, p value = 0.04 respectively). No statistically significant relationship was found between the two groups regarding WBFPS questionnaire and Frankl Behaviour Rating Scale.

Conclusions

The sight of the needle was not found to affect reported fear. Statistical increases in HR were observed in children, independent of age and gender. Changes in HR indicated that not viewing the needle elicited greater fear than seeing it, for children aged 4 to 8 years when “Tell-Show-Do” is used. Pain perception and behaviour were not affected.