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<p>The current study analyzes the spatial variations of seismicity and accompanying hydrological perturbations during January 2006 to October 2024, using earthquake catalog data from the Iranian Seismological Center (IRSC) and GRACE-FO satellites Equivalent Water Height (EWH) variations. Seismic complexity was estimated from Shannon entropy and the Tsallis entropy index for the description of non-extensivity. Abrupt degradation of entropy began ~ 2.5 years before the Mw 6.3 Bandar Abbas earthquake (14 November 2021), testifying to gradual structural organization, asperity locking, and building up of stresses. The pattern reversed after the mainshock, with an increase of entropy in the first year of the postseismic period and remaining at a weaker level for the following 2.5 years, consistent with crustal relaxation and redistribution of stresses. The entropic index <i>q</i> = 1.71 was derived from the non-extensive analysis of the earthquake magnitude-frequency distribution in the study region. This value indicates correlated and non-equilibrium seismic behavior, consistent with previous studies in tectonically active regions. GRACE-FO-derived EWH anomalies showed similar spatial patterns, with weak changes 2.5 years before the earthquake, intensification one year prior, and regional maxima six months before the event. After the earthquake, anomalies strengthened within six months, expanded after one year, and weakened after 2.5 years, reflecting hydromechanical processes such as groundwater redistribution and fault-related fluid flow. The simultaneous evolution of entropy and EWH anomalies supports a coupled geophysical–hydrological seismic cycle in the Southern Zagros and highlights the value of integrating statistical seismology with satellite gravimetry for monitoring seismic processes in active tectonic regions.</p>

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Spatial variations of entropy and GRACE-FO derived equivalent water height for the 2021 Bandar Abbas Earthquake

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Muhammed Hossein Mousavi,
  • Parva Sadeghi Alavijeh,
  • Amir Talebi,
  • Amirreza Moradi

摘要

The current study analyzes the spatial variations of seismicity and accompanying hydrological perturbations during January 2006 to October 2024, using earthquake catalog data from the Iranian Seismological Center (IRSC) and GRACE-FO satellites Equivalent Water Height (EWH) variations. Seismic complexity was estimated from Shannon entropy and the Tsallis entropy index for the description of non-extensivity. Abrupt degradation of entropy began ~ 2.5 years before the Mw 6.3 Bandar Abbas earthquake (14 November 2021), testifying to gradual structural organization, asperity locking, and building up of stresses. The pattern reversed after the mainshock, with an increase of entropy in the first year of the postseismic period and remaining at a weaker level for the following 2.5 years, consistent with crustal relaxation and redistribution of stresses. The entropic index q = 1.71 was derived from the non-extensive analysis of the earthquake magnitude-frequency distribution in the study region. This value indicates correlated and non-equilibrium seismic behavior, consistent with previous studies in tectonically active regions. GRACE-FO-derived EWH anomalies showed similar spatial patterns, with weak changes 2.5 years before the earthquake, intensification one year prior, and regional maxima six months before the event. After the earthquake, anomalies strengthened within six months, expanded after one year, and weakened after 2.5 years, reflecting hydromechanical processes such as groundwater redistribution and fault-related fluid flow. The simultaneous evolution of entropy and EWH anomalies supports a coupled geophysical–hydrological seismic cycle in the Southern Zagros and highlights the value of integrating statistical seismology with satellite gravimetry for monitoring seismic processes in active tectonic regions.