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<p>Gravitational methods offer a cost effective and robust approach for delineating subsurface structures, particularly in tectonically complex or volcanically covered terrains where other geophysical tools are limited. This study develops and applies an integrated forward-inversion workflow to investigate concealed mass anomalies in Unai geothermal field, located along the western flank of the Narmada-Son Lineament, southern Gujarat. The methodology combines analytical forward modeling of buried spherical body, polynomial detrending to remove regional trends, sinusoidal correction for oscillatory residuals and a damped Gauss-Newton inversion scheme with Tikhonov regularization to recover geologically plausible parameters. Synthetic testing of the inversion framework yielded parameters estimated with &lt; 1% error and a Root Mean Square (RMS) misfit of 0.0286 mGal, confirming numerical stability and accuracy under controlled conditions. Application to the field gravity data from Unai achieved a close fit to observed anomalies (RMS ≈ 0.052 mGal), with recovered parameters indicating a high density body (~ 2569&#xa0;kg/m<sup>3</sup>), and at ~ 97&#xa0;m depth and ~ 83&#xa0;m radius. The oscillatory residual corrections revealed signatures consistent with fracture-controlled pathways and lithological discontinuities. These features align with mapped faults, exposed lithology and active hot spring manifestations suggesting intrusive or crystalline units acting as both heat sources and structural controls for hydrothermal circulation. The integrated results highlight the role of shallow intrusive bodies and fractures basalts in sustaining geothermal activity, while also underscoring their dual potential for geothermal development and groundwater resource evaluation. By demonstrating the accuracy of the workflow on synthetic data and its geological consistency in field, this study provides a replicable, computationally efficient and geologically meaningful framework for gravity based subsurface characterization in geothermal provinces.</p>

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Integrated gravity forward and inversion modeling for subsurface characterization in conductive zones of Gujarat, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月22日

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  • Kelvy P. Dalsania,
  • Anirbid Sircar,
  • Satyam Shinde

摘要

Gravitational methods offer a cost effective and robust approach for delineating subsurface structures, particularly in tectonically complex or volcanically covered terrains where other geophysical tools are limited. This study develops and applies an integrated forward-inversion workflow to investigate concealed mass anomalies in Unai geothermal field, located along the western flank of the Narmada-Son Lineament, southern Gujarat. The methodology combines analytical forward modeling of buried spherical body, polynomial detrending to remove regional trends, sinusoidal correction for oscillatory residuals and a damped Gauss-Newton inversion scheme with Tikhonov regularization to recover geologically plausible parameters. Synthetic testing of the inversion framework yielded parameters estimated with < 1% error and a Root Mean Square (RMS) misfit of 0.0286 mGal, confirming numerical stability and accuracy under controlled conditions. Application to the field gravity data from Unai achieved a close fit to observed anomalies (RMS ≈ 0.052 mGal), with recovered parameters indicating a high density body (~ 2569 kg/m3), and at ~ 97 m depth and ~ 83 m radius. The oscillatory residual corrections revealed signatures consistent with fracture-controlled pathways and lithological discontinuities. These features align with mapped faults, exposed lithology and active hot spring manifestations suggesting intrusive or crystalline units acting as both heat sources and structural controls for hydrothermal circulation. The integrated results highlight the role of shallow intrusive bodies and fractures basalts in sustaining geothermal activity, while also underscoring their dual potential for geothermal development and groundwater resource evaluation. By demonstrating the accuracy of the workflow on synthetic data and its geological consistency in field, this study provides a replicable, computationally efficient and geologically meaningful framework for gravity based subsurface characterization in geothermal provinces.