The Disappearance of Traditions: The Use of Geographical Indications and Collective Marks to Prevent Loss of Culture in South America

This paper explores the potential of geographical indications (GIs) and collective marks for preserving traditional knowledge (TK) and traditional cultural expressions (TCEs). It argues that these tools, while not explicitly designed for this purpose, can indirectly contribute to cultural preservation by maintaining diversity and community life. The paper provides a detailed overview of the GI and collective mark regimes in South America, focusing on their application in protecting culturally significant agri-food, drinks, and handicrafts. It concludes with case studies demonstrating how these systems are being used to safeguard culture and contribute to attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals.