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<p>In CFD studies of respiratory events, accurately calculating droplet travel distance and size reduction due to evaporation is crucial. The precision of these studies relies on qualitative experimental data and robust computational methods for characterizing flow domains and solving flow equations. While mesh studies in CFD of respiratory events exist, specific comparisons between graded tetrahedral and hexahedral meshes are lacking. This article addresses this gap by comparing numerical results from graded non-structured tetrahedral and graded structured hexahedral meshes. It examines respiratory droplet size reduction, position, and evaporation time under 0 and 80% relative humidity. A Grid Convergence Index (GCI) test determined optimal element sizes and distributions for balanced computational efficiency and quality. Both meshes produced accurate results for a wide range of droplet sizes, demanding similar CPU times. For small droplets (d ≤ 50&#xa0;µm), results were similar regardless of humidity. However, discrepancies emerged for larger droplets (d ≥ 100&#xa0;µm). While tetrahedral meshes aligned with specific 100&#xa0;μm droplet studies, hexahedral meshes better reflected broader literature findings, suggesting more precise representation of larger droplet evaporation dynamics. In conclusion, graded hexahedral meshes are recommended for CFD studies involving respiratory droplets of any size, offering more reliable results, particularly in closed spaces.</p>

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Numerical study of coughing in indoor environments: comparison between tetrahedral and hexahedral meshes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月3日

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  • N. Ayuba,
  • G. H. Justi,
  • G. C. Lopes

摘要

In CFD studies of respiratory events, accurately calculating droplet travel distance and size reduction due to evaporation is crucial. The precision of these studies relies on qualitative experimental data and robust computational methods for characterizing flow domains and solving flow equations. While mesh studies in CFD of respiratory events exist, specific comparisons between graded tetrahedral and hexahedral meshes are lacking. This article addresses this gap by comparing numerical results from graded non-structured tetrahedral and graded structured hexahedral meshes. It examines respiratory droplet size reduction, position, and evaporation time under 0 and 80% relative humidity. A Grid Convergence Index (GCI) test determined optimal element sizes and distributions for balanced computational efficiency and quality. Both meshes produced accurate results for a wide range of droplet sizes, demanding similar CPU times. For small droplets (d ≤ 50 µm), results were similar regardless of humidity. However, discrepancies emerged for larger droplets (d ≥ 100 µm). While tetrahedral meshes aligned with specific 100 μm droplet studies, hexahedral meshes better reflected broader literature findings, suggesting more precise representation of larger droplet evaporation dynamics. In conclusion, graded hexahedral meshes are recommended for CFD studies involving respiratory droplets of any size, offering more reliable results, particularly in closed spaces.