<p>Hybrid unmanned aerial underwater vehicles (HUAUVs) represent a class of multi-domain mobile robots capable of aerial and underwater navigation. Furthermore, these vehicles are designed to operate in the transition between both environments, such as air and water. The enhancement of systems, sensors, modeling, and control strategies drives the development of these mobile robots. This survey presents state-of-the-art relevant prototypes of HUAUVs developed between 2015 and 2025. Therefore, we categorize HUAUV prototypes based on their structures and primary features. This allows identification of challenges and limitations in HUAUV development. Hence, our categorization provides a more cohesive foundation for future work and a deeper understanding of the primary features of hybrid vehicles. Finally, focusing on trends in unmanned aerial underwater vehicles, in other words, a pragmatic approach to future directions is presented.</p>

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Hybrid Unmanned Aerial Underwater Vehicles: A Survey on Prototypes, Taxonomy, Challenges, and Trends

  • Pedro Miranda Pinheiro,
  • Paulo Jefferson Dias de Oliveira Evald,
  • Ricardo Bedin Grando,
  • Stephanie Loi Brião,
  • Armando Alves Neto,
  • Paulo Lilles Jorge Drews-Jr

摘要

Hybrid unmanned aerial underwater vehicles (HUAUVs) represent a class of multi-domain mobile robots capable of aerial and underwater navigation. Furthermore, these vehicles are designed to operate in the transition between both environments, such as air and water. The enhancement of systems, sensors, modeling, and control strategies drives the development of these mobile robots. This survey presents state-of-the-art relevant prototypes of HUAUVs developed between 2015 and 2025. Therefore, we categorize HUAUV prototypes based on their structures and primary features. This allows identification of challenges and limitations in HUAUV development. Hence, our categorization provides a more cohesive foundation for future work and a deeper understanding of the primary features of hybrid vehicles. Finally, focusing on trends in unmanned aerial underwater vehicles, in other words, a pragmatic approach to future directions is presented.