Dynamics, Controls of the Nonsmooth-Air-Gap Brushless Direct Current Motor Under the Influence of Temperature and Embedded in a Microcontroller

This paper investigates the dynamical behaviors, experimental validation using a microcontroller technique, and control strategies for complex and coexisting behaviors in a nonsmooth-air-gap brushless direct current motor under the influence of temperature (NAGBDCMT). Steady-state analysis reveals three steady states with unstable branches in the three considered planes. The NAGBDCMT exhibits diverse dynamical structures, including bistable regular and chaotic domains, monostable attractors, periodic and continuous spiking, coexisting chaotic and regular spiking behaviors, various complex characteristics, and coexistence between continuous spiking oscillations and chaotic characteristics. These dynamical structures are corroborated by an ATMEGA2560 microcontroller realization scheme. Control of the complex characteristics and coexisting attractors in the NAGBDCMT is achieved using two configured single controllers and a linear augmentation control scheme, respectively.