<p>The current study aimed to explore the relationship between teachers’ subjective well-being and work engagement and tested whether professional resilience mediated this relationship. This study employed a cross-sectional correlational research design. Data were collected from primary, middle, and high school teachers (<i>N</i> = 405) working at public schools in a large province in southeastern Türkiye. We used regression-based mediation and bootstrapping analyses to test the hypothesized relationships. The results indicated that teachers perceived their subjective well-being, professional resilience, and work engagement above the average. Positive, moderate, and statistically significant relationships were observed between teacher subjective well-being (including school connectedness and teaching efficacy), professional resilience, and work engagement. Teachers’ subjective well-being positively predicted work engagement, and professional resilience partially mediated the relationship between subjective well-being (including school connectedness and teaching efficacy) and work engagement. This study provides implications for supporting teachers’ subjective well-being and professional resilience to enhance teacher engagement.</p>