<p>Transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) have emerged as promising materials for energy storage applications, particularly in supercapacitors, due to their unique electrochemical properties. Among these, molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) has garnered significant attention owing to its layered structure, high surface area, and tunable bandgap. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of MoS₂ as a key material in supercapacitor technology, focusing on its synthesis methods, structural properties, and electrochemical performance. The discussion highlights the role of MoS₂’s morphology, phase engineering, and composite formation in enhancing capacitance, energy density, and cycling stability. Furthermore, the challenges associated with MoS₂-based supercapacitors, such as low electrical conductivity and restacking issues, are addressed, along with potential strategies to overcome these limitations. The review also explores recent advancements in MoS₂-based hybrid materials and their integration with conductive substrates or other nanomaterials to improve overall device performance. By summarizing the current state of research and prospects, this review underscores the potential of MoS₂ as a versatile and efficient electrode material for supercapacitors, contributing to the development of sustainable energy storage systems.</p>