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<p>As a key precursor of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the superoxide anion (O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup>) plays a pivotal role in maintaining redox homeostasis in living systems. However, the accurate and reliable detection of O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup> remains a significant challenge, particularly for <i>in vivo</i> detection. Herein, we report a dual-channel probe for O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup> detection based on <sup>19</sup>F nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>19</sup>F NMR) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. Through structure engineering, the molecular probe (<b>FS</b>) was designed, which selectively reacted with O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup>, generating a characteristic chemical shift in <sup>19</sup>F NMR. Notably, the fragment released upon reaction with O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup> serves as an effective SERS reporter, thereby enabling complementary dual-channel sensing of superoxide anion. Furthermore, as a proof-of-concept, probe <b>FS</b> was explored as a synthetic biomarker for urinalysis to detect O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup> generated <i>in vivo</i> and found clear different metabolic patterns between healthy and liver-injured models, suggesting its potential for <i>in vivo</i> detection.</p>

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A Dual-channel Probe for Detection of O2•− Based on 19F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月21日

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  • Juyue Zhou,
  • Baian Jiang,
  • Suying Xu,
  • Leyu Wang

摘要

As a key precursor of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the superoxide anion (O2•−) plays a pivotal role in maintaining redox homeostasis in living systems. However, the accurate and reliable detection of O2•− remains a significant challenge, particularly for in vivo detection. Herein, we report a dual-channel probe for O2•− detection based on 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (19F NMR) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. Through structure engineering, the molecular probe (FS) was designed, which selectively reacted with O2•−, generating a characteristic chemical shift in 19F NMR. Notably, the fragment released upon reaction with O2•− serves as an effective SERS reporter, thereby enabling complementary dual-channel sensing of superoxide anion. Furthermore, as a proof-of-concept, probe FS was explored as a synthetic biomarker for urinalysis to detect O2•− generated in vivo and found clear different metabolic patterns between healthy and liver-injured models, suggesting its potential for in vivo detection.