Regulation of Tumor Microenvironment Under Malignant Conditions: Application of nMOFs in Sonodynamic Therapy

In this review, we delve into the intricate regulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) under malignant conditions and explore the transformative potential of nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (nMOFs) in the realm of sonodynamic therapy (SDT). The TME serves as a dynamic milieu influencing tumor progression and therapeutic response, presenting formidable challenges, such as hypoxia, acidity, excess hydrogen peroxide, high expression of glutathione, and immunosuppression. Utilizing the exceptional attributes of nMOFs, including their tunable structures and biocompatibility, holds immense promise for enhancing SDT efficacy and reshaping the TME landscape. By integrating nMOFs with SDT, researchers aim to assemble multiple functionalities in a single platform that enhance tumor cell eradication while counteracting unfavorable TME conditions and immune resistance. The potential of nMOFs to revolutionize tumor therapies by precisely targeting TME and overcoming therapeutic barriers is underscored by an in-depth analysis of recent breakthroughs in the use of nMOFs-based sonosensitizers to remodulate TME to amplify the efficacy of SDT.