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<p>With the increasing incidence of cancer worldwide, identifying bioactive compounds from natural sources that selectively target malignant cells while sparing normal tissues remains an important research objective. In this study, bioactive compounds derived from the weaver ant <i>Oecophylla smaragdina</i> were investigated for their anticancer potential against breast (MCF-7) and liver (HepG2) cancer models. A methanolic extract was partially purified to obtain OSF2 (<i>O. smaragdina</i> fraction 2), which was characterized by GC–MS analysis. OSF2 exhibited significant cytotoxicity toward MCF-7 and HepG2 cancer cells while showing minimal effects on non-tumorigenic HEK-293 cells. Treatment with OSF2 significantly increased caspase-9, membrane integrity loss, and apoptotic cell death, supported by flow cytometric analysis. Exploratory proteomic profiling revealed dysregulation of proteins associated with ribosomal function, eukaryotic translation, chaperone activity, and mRNA processing. Pathway analysis suggested disruption of translation-associated signaling pathways and indicated possible involvement of MYC-associated regulatory suppression. Molecular docking analyses further demonstrated favorable predicted interactions between selected OSF2-derived compounds and the MYC–MAX interface. Collectively, the findings suggest that OSF2 represents a promising insect-derived bioactive fraction with anticancer activity and supports its potential for further investigation. </p>

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Proteomics-based pathway analysis and anticancer activity of OSF2, a bioactive fraction from Oecophylla smaragdina, supported by in silico docking

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Suman jangir,
  • Varalakshmi Kilingar Nadumane

摘要

With the increasing incidence of cancer worldwide, identifying bioactive compounds from natural sources that selectively target malignant cells while sparing normal tissues remains an important research objective. In this study, bioactive compounds derived from the weaver ant Oecophylla smaragdina were investigated for their anticancer potential against breast (MCF-7) and liver (HepG2) cancer models. A methanolic extract was partially purified to obtain OSF2 (O. smaragdina fraction 2), which was characterized by GC–MS analysis. OSF2 exhibited significant cytotoxicity toward MCF-7 and HepG2 cancer cells while showing minimal effects on non-tumorigenic HEK-293 cells. Treatment with OSF2 significantly increased caspase-9, membrane integrity loss, and apoptotic cell death, supported by flow cytometric analysis. Exploratory proteomic profiling revealed dysregulation of proteins associated with ribosomal function, eukaryotic translation, chaperone activity, and mRNA processing. Pathway analysis suggested disruption of translation-associated signaling pathways and indicated possible involvement of MYC-associated regulatory suppression. Molecular docking analyses further demonstrated favorable predicted interactions between selected OSF2-derived compounds and the MYC–MAX interface. Collectively, the findings suggest that OSF2 represents a promising insect-derived bioactive fraction with anticancer activity and supports its potential for further investigation.