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Background <p>The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index serves as a surrogate marker for insulin resistance. Emerging evidence suggests that the TyG index may be associated with alterations in muscle mass, potentially impacting metabolic health. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the TyG index and skeletal muscle mass parameters across different demographic groups.</p> Methods <p>This cross-sectional study included 3,781 participants (1,913 men and 1,868 women) aged 20 years and older (mean age 42.2 ± 12.6 years; range: 20–85 years) from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Demographic, anthropometric, body composition (measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis), and metabolic data were collected. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) were calculated, and low muscle mass was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 27.0 to assess the association between the TyG index and ASM.</p> Results <p>Among 3,781 participants (mean age 42.2 ± 12.6 years), 6.37% exhibited low muscle mass. Higher TyG index quartiles were associated with greater skeletal muscle mass (SMM, ASMM, and SMMI; all <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), particularly in men. Sex-stratified analyses revealed stronger correlations in men (SMM: β = 1.30&#xa0;kg per TyG unit, 95% CI 0.93–1.67) than women (β = 0.72&#xa0;kg, 95% CI 0.47–0.97). Logistic regression showed lower odds of low muscle mass in higher TyG quartiles (men, Q4 OR: 0.34, 95% CI 0.15–0.76; women, Q4 OR: 0.73, 95% CI 0.40–1.31).</p> Conclusion <p>The TyG index shows a positive association with skeletal muscle mass, especially in men, indicating its potential as a biomarker associated with metabolic muscle status. These findings support its use for early risk assessment, though further research is needed to confirm its predictive value and guide clinical strategies.</p>

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The association between the Triglyceride-Glucose index and skeletal muscle mass: insights from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月25日

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  • Zahra Shiravand,
  • Behnaz Abiri,
  • Maryam Mahdavi,
  • Majid Valizadeh,
  • Maryam Vasheghani,
  • Mahtab Niroomand,
  • Fereidoun Azizi,
  • Amirabbas Momenan,
  • Farhad Hosseinpanah

摘要

Background

The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index serves as a surrogate marker for insulin resistance. Emerging evidence suggests that the TyG index may be associated with alterations in muscle mass, potentially impacting metabolic health. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the TyG index and skeletal muscle mass parameters across different demographic groups.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 3,781 participants (1,913 men and 1,868 women) aged 20 years and older (mean age 42.2 ± 12.6 years; range: 20–85 years) from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Demographic, anthropometric, body composition (measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis), and metabolic data were collected. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) were calculated, and low muscle mass was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 27.0 to assess the association between the TyG index and ASM.

Results

Among 3,781 participants (mean age 42.2 ± 12.6 years), 6.37% exhibited low muscle mass. Higher TyG index quartiles were associated with greater skeletal muscle mass (SMM, ASMM, and SMMI; all P < 0.001), particularly in men. Sex-stratified analyses revealed stronger correlations in men (SMM: β = 1.30 kg per TyG unit, 95% CI 0.93–1.67) than women (β = 0.72 kg, 95% CI 0.47–0.97). Logistic regression showed lower odds of low muscle mass in higher TyG quartiles (men, Q4 OR: 0.34, 95% CI 0.15–0.76; women, Q4 OR: 0.73, 95% CI 0.40–1.31).

Conclusion

The TyG index shows a positive association with skeletal muscle mass, especially in men, indicating its potential as a biomarker associated with metabolic muscle status. These findings support its use for early risk assessment, though further research is needed to confirm its predictive value and guide clinical strategies.