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Background <p>Sestrin-2 is a stress-inducible protein involved in metabolic regulation and oxidative stress, and has been suggested to play a role in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p> Objective <p>To evaluate circulating Sestrin-2 levels and their association with insulin resistance across the glycemic spectrum.</p> Methods <p>This cross-sectional study included 300 participants cat isegorized into controls (<i>n</i> = 100), prediabetes (<i>n</i> = 100), and T2DM (<i>n</i> = 100) based on WHO criteria. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for glucose, HbA1c, insulin and Sestrin-2 using standard methods. Insulin resistance was assessed using HOMA-IR. Statistical evaluation was conducted using ANOVA along with Pearson’s correlation analysis.</p> Results <p>A significant progressive increase was observed in BMI, blood pressure, and glycemic parameters from controls to T2DM (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Sestrin-2 levels were significantly higher in T2DM (9.53 ± 1.46 ng/mL) compared with prediabetes (5.46 ± 0.56 ng/mL) and healthy controls (4.94 ± 0.79 ng/mL) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Sestrin-2 demonstrated a strong positive correlation with fasting glucose (<i>r</i> = 0.62), HbA1c (<i>r</i> = 0.58), fasting insulin (<i>r</i> = 0.55), and HOMA-IR (<i>r</i> = 0.66), all of which were statistically significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p> Conclusion <p>Sestrin-2 levels increase progressively across the glycemic spectrum and are strongly associated with insulin resistance, suggesting its potential as a biomarker of metabolic stress and glycemic dysregulation.</p>

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Sestrin-2: a new biomarker for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Insulin resistance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Surbhi Tyagi,
  • Suryakant Nagtilak,
  • Pawan Parashar

摘要

Background

Sestrin-2 is a stress-inducible protein involved in metabolic regulation and oxidative stress, and has been suggested to play a role in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Objective

To evaluate circulating Sestrin-2 levels and their association with insulin resistance across the glycemic spectrum.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 300 participants cat isegorized into controls (n = 100), prediabetes (n = 100), and T2DM (n = 100) based on WHO criteria. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for glucose, HbA1c, insulin and Sestrin-2 using standard methods. Insulin resistance was assessed using HOMA-IR. Statistical evaluation was conducted using ANOVA along with Pearson’s correlation analysis.

Results

A significant progressive increase was observed in BMI, blood pressure, and glycemic parameters from controls to T2DM (p < 0.001). Sestrin-2 levels were significantly higher in T2DM (9.53 ± 1.46 ng/mL) compared with prediabetes (5.46 ± 0.56 ng/mL) and healthy controls (4.94 ± 0.79 ng/mL) (p < 0.001). Sestrin-2 demonstrated a strong positive correlation with fasting glucose (r = 0.62), HbA1c (r = 0.58), fasting insulin (r = 0.55), and HOMA-IR (r = 0.66), all of which were statistically significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Sestrin-2 levels increase progressively across the glycemic spectrum and are strongly associated with insulin resistance, suggesting its potential as a biomarker of metabolic stress and glycemic dysregulation.