Background <p>The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and its related parameters (TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR) have emerged as sensitive and cost-effective markers of insulin resistance (IR). However, limited research has investigated the association between these parameters with bone health. This study aimed to evaluate the association between TyG and its related parameters with bone mineral density (BMD), as surrogate markers of IR and bone health among men over 50 years utilizing data from the Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program.</p> Methods <p>This cross-sectional analysis utilized data from the BEH Program involving 851 adult male aged 50 years or more. Bone health was assessed using BMD measurements at the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck, and trabecular bone score (TBS). Low BMD (osteopenia/osteoporosis) and osteoporosis were defined as a T-score lower than 1 standard deviation (SD) below the reference mean (− 1 or lower) and 2.5 SD or more below reference mean (− 2.5 and lower) in at least one site, respectively.</p> Results <p>The mean age of the study participants was 62.9 ± 8.4 years, of whom 151 (17.74%) had osteoporosis. Through multivariate linear and logistic regression analysis, TyG and its related parameters (except TyG-WHtR) exhibited a significant positive association with BMD and a negative association with osteoporosis/ low BMD at each bone site. Conversely, TyG-BMI showed negative association with TBS (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) after adjustment for confounding factors.</p> Conclusions <p>These findings highlighted that TyG index-related parameters may serve as valuable markers in evaluating bone health in older adult men.</p>