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Introduction <p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that increases susceptibility to severe infections, including sepsis, a leading global cause of mortality. Individuals with DM face heightened sepsis risk due to immune dysfunction, metabolic disturbances, and hyperglycemia. Understanding long-term trends in sepsis-related mortality among patients with DM is essential to guide targeted prevention and management strategies.</p> Methods <p>We conducted a population-based study using CDC WONDER mortality data from 1999 to 2024. Sepsis-related deaths in patients with DM were identified via ICD-10 codes (E10–E14; A02.1, A22.7, A26.7, A32.7, A40.0–A41.9, A42.7, B37.7). Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 population were calculated and stratified by demographic, geographic, and urbanization characteristics. Temporal trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression to estimate annual percent change (APC).</p> Results <p>Between 1999 and 2024, 511,490 sepsis-related deaths occurred in patients with DM, most frequently in individuals aged 65 and older and in medical facilities. AAMRs declined significantly from 1999 to 2018, rose sharply from 2018 to 2021, and declined again from 2021 to 2024. Mortality was higher among men, non-Hispanic (NH) American Indian/Alaska Native and NH Black populations, residents of the South, and nonmetropolitan areas.</p> Conclusion <p>Sepsis remains a major cause of death among patients with DM in the U.S., with persistent disparities by sex, race, region, and urbanization. The pandemic-era surge in mortality underscores the vulnerability of this population to infectious threats. Targeted prevention, timely sepsis recognition, and evidence-based management, coupled with addressing social determinants of health, are essential to reduce this burden.</p>

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Long-term trends in diabetes mellitus and sepsis-related mortality in the united states: a population-based retrospective analysis (1999–2024)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月23日

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  • Sandesh Raja,
  • Ruba Sami Hamoud Alghamdi,
  • Rahaf Saeed M Al Sulayyi,
  • Fahad Mohsen Alotaibi,
  • Abdulelah Dakhilallah Almutairi,
  • Hazim Saad Saud Alsaedi,
  • Abdulsalam Mansour Abdullah Alamri,
  • Muflih Abdullah Albalawi,
  • Yazeed Muteb Khalaf Alkhudhayri,
  • Sami Mohammed Alhuways,
  • Abdul Majeed Assiri,
  • Mansuor A. Alanazi

摘要

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that increases susceptibility to severe infections, including sepsis, a leading global cause of mortality. Individuals with DM face heightened sepsis risk due to immune dysfunction, metabolic disturbances, and hyperglycemia. Understanding long-term trends in sepsis-related mortality among patients with DM is essential to guide targeted prevention and management strategies.

Methods

We conducted a population-based study using CDC WONDER mortality data from 1999 to 2024. Sepsis-related deaths in patients with DM were identified via ICD-10 codes (E10–E14; A02.1, A22.7, A26.7, A32.7, A40.0–A41.9, A42.7, B37.7). Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 population were calculated and stratified by demographic, geographic, and urbanization characteristics. Temporal trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression to estimate annual percent change (APC).

Results

Between 1999 and 2024, 511,490 sepsis-related deaths occurred in patients with DM, most frequently in individuals aged 65 and older and in medical facilities. AAMRs declined significantly from 1999 to 2018, rose sharply from 2018 to 2021, and declined again from 2021 to 2024. Mortality was higher among men, non-Hispanic (NH) American Indian/Alaska Native and NH Black populations, residents of the South, and nonmetropolitan areas.

Conclusion

Sepsis remains a major cause of death among patients with DM in the U.S., with persistent disparities by sex, race, region, and urbanization. The pandemic-era surge in mortality underscores the vulnerability of this population to infectious threats. Targeted prevention, timely sepsis recognition, and evidence-based management, coupled with addressing social determinants of health, are essential to reduce this burden.