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Objectives <p>Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a lethal subtype of thyroid cancer with a poor prognosis. Due to the lack of promising treatment opportunities for ATC, gaining a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis seems crucial. Here, we focused on two major players in the Wnt signaling pathway.</p> Methods <p>The expression of PP2A and GSK3α/β proteins was studied in 12 ATC and 15 goiter formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples using immunohistochemistry. The intensity of nuclear staining in tumor cells, as well as the total scores of protein expression, were calculated.</p> Results <p>The expression of inactive PP2A and active GSK3α/β proteins was negative in all control (goiter) samples. Both proteins were expressed in all ATC samples at different levels. Notably, eight samples represented strong expression (percentage = 100; total score = 300) of both proteins. The average total score staining was 210.3 for the phosphorylated and active form of GSK3α/β (Y279/216) and 274.5 for phosphorylated PP2A at Y307 and its inactive form. For features such as age, gender, greatest diameter of tumors, as well as PP2A and GSK3α/β total staining scores, no significant differences were observed between metastatic and nonmetastatic cases. Similarly, no association was demonstrated between metastasis with demographic and tumor characteristics.</p> Conclusions <p>The current study investigated the expression of PP2A and GSK3α/β, two key proteins in the Wnt signaling pathway, in ATC tissue samples. Although this study highlights the importance of PP2A and GSK3α/β in ATC, a clear understanding of PP2A and GSK3α/β dysregulation and function in ATC remains to be elucidated.</p>

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Immunohistochemical analysis reveals increased active GSK3 and inactive PP2A levels in anaplastic thyroid cancer

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月26日

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  • Fereshteh Bahari,
  • Majid Mossahebi-Mohammadi,
  • Hilda Samimi,
  • Farshad Sharifi,
  • Hassan Rakhsh-Khorshid,
  • Mahmood Naderi,
  • Seyed Mohammad Tavangar,
  • Habibollah Mahmoodzadeh,
  • Fatemeh Nili,
  • Vahid Haghpanah

摘要

Objectives

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a lethal subtype of thyroid cancer with a poor prognosis. Due to the lack of promising treatment opportunities for ATC, gaining a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis seems crucial. Here, we focused on two major players in the Wnt signaling pathway.

Methods

The expression of PP2A and GSK3α/β proteins was studied in 12 ATC and 15 goiter formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples using immunohistochemistry. The intensity of nuclear staining in tumor cells, as well as the total scores of protein expression, were calculated.

Results

The expression of inactive PP2A and active GSK3α/β proteins was negative in all control (goiter) samples. Both proteins were expressed in all ATC samples at different levels. Notably, eight samples represented strong expression (percentage = 100; total score = 300) of both proteins. The average total score staining was 210.3 for the phosphorylated and active form of GSK3α/β (Y279/216) and 274.5 for phosphorylated PP2A at Y307 and its inactive form. For features such as age, gender, greatest diameter of tumors, as well as PP2A and GSK3α/β total staining scores, no significant differences were observed between metastatic and nonmetastatic cases. Similarly, no association was demonstrated between metastasis with demographic and tumor characteristics.

Conclusions

The current study investigated the expression of PP2A and GSK3α/β, two key proteins in the Wnt signaling pathway, in ATC tissue samples. Although this study highlights the importance of PP2A and GSK3α/β in ATC, a clear understanding of PP2A and GSK3α/β dysregulation and function in ATC remains to be elucidated.